Russian Context
Stalin used this accusation to remove rivals such as Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev, claiming they had betrayed revolutionary principles.
Factionalism
What methods did the Post-revolutionary Soviet regime use to spread propaganda?
Theatrical performances and movies
What was the Zhenotdel?
The Women's Section of the Central Committee of the Communist Party
Define Collectivise
Replacing wealthy individual farms with group farming and shared resources
Provide the names of the 4 secret polices that occurred between the October Revolution and 1939, which allign to the idea of fear and repression in a totalitarian state.
CHEKA, GPU, OGPU, NKVD
This 1930s propaganda movement glorified workers who dramatically exceeded production quotas, named after a coal miner.
The Stakhanovite Movement
What industires were state run after the Civil War?
The Banking, Steel, and Transport Industries
According to Stalin, what was the chief aim of the present united bloc headed by Trotsky?
To little by little, switch Leninism to that of Trotskyism.
What two catagories were successful in achieving their aims by 1937?
Oil (46.8 million tonnes) and Steel (17.7 million tonnes)
Outline the two historians positions on whether Stalin was a sole dictator.
Fitzpatrick shows that he depended on supporters who surrounded him and with whom he ran day-to-day workings of the state.
Getty focuses on Stalin's policies as being erratic in the late 1920's and through the 1930's it grew out of conflicting initiatives. He argues that Stalin was not the sole policy source as shown through erratic decision makin in the 1930s.
At the 10th Party Congress in 1921, Lenin introduced this.
Outline the ways in which Dennett says the Bolsheviks were able to consolodate its position in governments between 1917-1924. (Provide 3)
- the use of terror on its opponents
- peace had been secured
- land had been distributed
- factory workers' admission into the party had strengthened it
- Lenin's leadership had secured the Communist party together
Provide 2 reasons why Stalin rose to power, as mentioned by Dennett.
- S's ability to create a political intrigue that enhanced his own power.
- Use of his position as Secritariat, to place nominees whom he could trust at every level of the party structure.
- Used to quell Ukranian nationalism and thought that idlers should starve.
- Border was closed to prevent travel (220,000 people were arrested for trying to do so)
- starvation increased with around 3-5 million people dying in Ukraine
- An elaborate ideology
- A single mass party
- A system of terror
- Total control of the media
- A near monopoly of the military
- Central control of the economy
This huge hydroelectric dam on the a Russian River became one of the flagship projects of the First Five-Year Plan.
The Dnieper Dam (Dneprostroi)
How did the Bolshevik's effectively control the religious sections of Russia? (4 reasons)
- Christian monastries and churches were stripped of valuable and religious items and turned over for everday uses.
- Christian and Jewish clergy were tried, imprisoned and executed
- Secular values were placed in schools and any religious teaching was made illegal
- Easter and Christmas were allowed to stay, but were diminished significantly
What is the english translation for "Glavnoe Upravlenie ispravitel’no-trudovykh LAGerei" (Gulag)
Main Administration of Corrective Labour Camps
Provide 3 pieces of evidence for Stalin's control of the media and spread of propaganda.
- The Course of the History of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), published in 1938 rewrote history to show Stalin's correctness and central role in society. 42 million copies weere printed in more than 67 languages.
- all independant journals and newspapers had been shut down by august of 1918
- The creation of the Gavlit (the central publishing Bureau) in 1922, the party could control publishing
What features does Dennett suggest are totalitarianistic in regards to Stalin's regime? (5 factors)
- Contralised economic control
- one party directing the people
- total control of the media, widespread control by "terroristic security police"
- elevation of a supreme leader
- single official ideology taking precedence over laws/
This industrial city in the Ural Mountains symbolised Soviet rapid industrialisation and was built largely during the First Five-Year Plan.
Magnitogorsk
This Bolshevik slogan was used in the Civil War to sway peasants to the side of the Reds
"Peace, Land and Bread"
This Georgian Bolshevik, relatively obscure in 1922, became Stalin’s key ally and helped enforce his control over the party.
Sergo Ordzhonikidze
What does the NKVD stand for (english or russian)
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (Narodnyy komissariat vnutrennikh del)
Ordinary citizens, intellectuals, and party members accused of disloyalty were labelled this.
"enemies of the people"