Prevention
This acronym covers strategies that are commonly used for T2DM prevention.
What is SNAP?
S: Smoking cessation
N: Nutrition
A: Alcohol limit
P: Physical activity
A fasting plasma glucose at or above this value indicates diabetes.
What is ≥7.0 mmol/L?
This drug, given with lifestyle changes, is the first-line treatment.
What is metformin?
If HbA1c stays above target on metformin, add one of these two drug classes.
What are an SGLT2 inhibitor or a GLP-1 receptor agonist?
HbA1c is checked this often.
What is every 3-6 months?
IFG and IGT, the two forms of prediabetes, stand for these.
What are impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance?
Excessive urination, excessive thirst and urinating at night are known by these three terms.
What are polyuria, polydipsia and nocturia?
This class lowers glucose by reducing renal reabsorption, so more glucose is excreted in urine.
What are SGLT2 inhibitors?
HbA1c reflects a patient’s average blood glucose levels over this period of time.
What is 2-3 months?
These two measures are checked at every visit.
What are blood pressure and weight/BMI?
Overweight/obesity, particularly this type of fat distribution, is a key modifiable risk factor.
What is central adiposity?
An HbA1c at or above this percentage indicates diabetes.
What is ≥6.5%?
Long-term metformin can reduce absorption of this vitamin.
What is vitamin B12?
True or false: It is a major clinical risk to combine Metformin + SGLT2 inhibitor + GLP-1 agonist together.
False.
Eyes and feet are first assessed at diagnosis, then this often.
What is annually?
Adults should aim for achieving this level of physical activity for most days of the week.
What is 30 minutes of moderate-vigorous activity combined with muscle strengthening ≥2 days a week?
A 2-hour 75-g OGTT result in this range indicates prediabetes.
What is 7.8–11.0mmol/L?
This serious adverse effect of SGLT2 inhibitors can occur even when blood glucose is normal.
What is euglycaemic DKA?
Drug choice is guided by these five factors.
What are CVD, CKD, heart failure, weight and hypoglycaemia risks?
These three tests are done annually.
What are eGFR, urine ACR and lipids?