Master of Reference Words
Rewrite this sentence using a reference word: "The students studied hard for the test. The students passed with flying colors."
"The students studied hard for the test. They passed with flying colors."
In her presentations, Danit Peleg demonstrates a method of making garments that completely bypasses traditional sewing needles and fabric rolls. What technology does she use?
3D printing technology.
When a speaker says, "To begin with, we must look at the cost..." what type of structural sequence are they signaling to the listener?
Signaling a list / starting the first point.
If you are giving a speech on stage and a slide appears on the screen behind you, where should your eyes be focused 95% of the time?
On the audience.
To earn maximum points on a summary writing section, what kind of question can you use at the very beginning or the very end to hook the reader without expecting an answer?
A rhetorical question.
Rewrite this sentence using two reference words: "Sophea bought a new laptop yesterday. Sophea used the new laptop to write her essay."
"Sophea bought a new laptop yesterday. She used it to write her essay."
According to Frank Warren’s project, what is the primary emotional reason that thousands of strangers mail their deepest, unspoken truths to him?
To feel less alone, express their hidden feelings, and connect with other human beings.
Identify the signal type used in this sentence: "Due to heavy flooding in the valley, the research team had to rely completely on aerial drones."
Showing a cause.
Why will putting a massive paragraph of text on a presentation slide make the audience tune out the speaker?
Because the audience cannot read dense text and listen to the speaker at the same time.
When writing a formal summary of an article or text, how many distinct paragraphs should your structural layout contain based on our exam criteria?
2 paragraphs.
Rewrite this sentence to avoid repetition: "3D printing uses liquid plastic layers. This unique process makes 3D printing highly customizable."
"3D printing uses liquid plastic layers. This unique process makes it highly customizable."
True or False: Lian Pin Koh believes that small, flying robotic technology is purely for recreational entertainment and cannot impact global environmental conservation.
False. (He strongly believes they can save our planet).
What conversational function do the phrases "For instance" and "To illustrate this" share?
Giving an example.
What are "linking sounds," and why do public speakers consciously use them when delivering a speech?
Connecting words smoothly together in speech to make the presentation sound natural and fluent.
Give two examples of transition phrases that explicitly signal a result to a reader that you can use to boost your structural writing score.
As a result, Consequently, Therefore, or Thus.
Fix the repetitive objects in this sentence: "The ecologist tracked the rare leopards and photographed the rare leopards in the wild."
"The ecologist tracked the rare leopards and photographed them in the wild."
Name two specific tasks that an environmental researcher can accomplish using a drone that would be much harder, slower, or more dangerous to do on foot.
Any two: Flying over thick jungles/mountains, counting rare animals, tracking illegal logging/poaching, or dropping seeds for reforestation.
If a speaker wants to add extra information to a point they just made, what is one transition word or phrase they could use? (Do not use "and").
In addition, Furthermore, Moreover, or Plus.
Read the short phrase "Hold on" out loud using natural spoken English linking rules. Explain how it should sound to a listener.
It links the consonant to the vowel, sounding like "Hol-don."
What is the structural problem with this summary opening? "First, drones protect forests. Next, they take photos. Finally, they plant seeds."
It strings short, choppy sentences together and lacks elaboration, fluent sentence flow, or introductory context.
Rewrite this complex sentence using correct reference pronouns: "Lian Pin Koh and Frank Warren both gave TED Talks. Lian Pin Koh and Frank Warren used the TED Talks to share big ideas."
"Lian Pin Koh and Frank Warren both gave TED Talks. They used them to share big ideas."
Based on the themes of our class texts, what do Frank Warren's PostSecret project and Lian Pin Koh’s drone work have in common regarding how they utilize modern platforms?
They both use modern tools/technology to bring communities together and inspire people to care about a global cause.
Look at this sentence: "The drone dropped seeds across forty hectares; consequently, a new forest began to thrive." What relationship does the phrase "consequently" establish between the two clauses?
It shows a result / an effect.
If a presenter is explaining the concept of a macroscopic global pattern, why would showing an extreme, close-up macro photograph be a poor choice? What should they show instead?
It contradicts the spoken message and confuses the listener. They should show a broad, wide-angle, or global map/visual.
In your own words, what is the main purpose of using "signposts" throughout a two-paragraph informational summary?
To organize the details logically so the reader can follow the sequence of information effortlessly.