Shake, Rattle and Earth
What is a seismic wave?
Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying energy released during an earthquake.
What is the crust?
The layer of solid rock that forms Earth’s outer layer. It includes both dry land and the ocean floor.
What is the lithosphere?
The rigid outer layer that includes the crust and the uppermost mantle.
What is convection?
The transfer of heat when warmer, less dense material rises and cooler, denser material sinks.
The force that pushes down on materials inside Earth is called ________.
Pressure.
What is a geologist?
A scientist who studies Earth’s processes, materials and history to understand its structure.
What is the mantle?
A layer of hot solid rock, about 3,000 km thick, that sits below the crust.
What is the asthenosphere?
The softer, bendable layer beneath the lithosphere.
What is a convection current?
The circular movement of a fluid caused by warm material rising and cool material sinking.
As you go deeper inside Earth, the pressure _______.
Increases.
Rock samples collected from drilling or volcanoes are an example of _________.
Direct evidence.
What is the outer core?
A layer of molten, liquid metal that surrounds the inner core. It is liquid even though there’s enormous pressure from above it.
The thinnest type of crust that is found under the ocean is called ________.
Oceanic crust.
Movement of hot water rising and cooler water sinking in natural hot springs is an example of _______.
Convection.
As you go deeper inside Earth, the temperature becomes ________.
Hotter.
Information scientists learn by studying how seismic waves go through Earth is called ________.
Indirect evidence.
A dense ball of solid metal that sits at the center of the earth.
The thickest type of crust that forms the continents is called ________.
Continental crust.
As materials cool during convection, they become more dense and begin to ______.
Sink.
As you go deeper into Earth, pressure makes materials ________.
Denser.
Seismic waves that can travel through both solids and liquids are called _______.
P-waves.
The ONLY liquid layer inside the Earth is the _______.
Oceanic crust is mostly made of the rock ________.
Basalt.
During convection in the mantle, warmer material begins to _______.
Rise.
In large bodies of water without a heat source, temperature of water becomes ________ as you go deeper.
Colder.
Seismic waves that can only travel through solids are called _________.
S-waves.
The soft, slowly flowing layer of the mantle beneath the lithosphere is called the _________.
Asthenosphere.
Continental crust is mostly made of the rock ________.
Granite.
One full convection cycle inside Earth’s mantle takes ________.
Millions of years.
The layer that includes both the crust and the uppermost mantle is called the ________.
Lithosphere.