Articulation Points
| 1. Idth-haar |
| 2. Idghaam |
| 3. Iqlaab |
| 4. Ikhfaa |
| 1. Idth-haar - ء ه ح خ ع غ |
| 2. Idghaam - يرملون |
| 3. Iqlaab - ب |
| 4. Ikhfaa - the rest |
| Al-Jawf |
| Al-Halq |
| Al-Lisaan |
| Ash-Shafataan |
| Al-Khayshoom |
| Hams | Jahr | |
| Rakhawa | Tawasut | Shiddah |
| Istifaal | Isti'laa | |
| Infitaah | Itbaaq |
| 1. Qalqalah |
| 2. Safeer |
| 3. Inhiraaf |
| 4. Istitaalah |
| 5. At-Taffashee |
| 6. At-Takreer |
| using only: |
| regular arabic letters |
| standard harakaat (fat-ha, kasra, damma, sukoon) |
| 1. How do you connect? |
| 2. How do you stop? |
| 3. What forms does it come in? |
| 4. When does it appear? |
| 1. If you connect, the last letter has a long vowel |
| 2. If you stop, the last letter gets a sukoon. |
| 3. It comes as a little waw or little yaa |
| 4. It comes after the male pronoun haa if the letter before is not saakin. |