Latin Etymology
moral, demoralize, morose, morale
mos = custom
orthodox, orthography
orthos / ορθος (straight, right, correct)
- Were the sons of Cornelia, daughter of Scipio Africanus
- Cornelia called her sons “her jewels”
- ___ ____ elected tribune in 133 B.C., attempted to push land law
- __ ___ , brother of ___, was elected tribune in 123 and 122
The Grachhi
This was a naval battle fought in 480 BC, between an alliance of Greek city-states under Themistocles, and the Achaemenid Empire under King Xerxes.
Battle of Salamis
Plato’s most famous work in modern times, it discusses the perfect government, which to Plato is the rule of the greatest philosopher
The Republic
Argonaut, astronaut, cosmonaut
nauta = sailor
amphitheater, theorem, theory
theomai / θεαομαι (to behold)
- Nephew of Caligula
- Had his mother Agrippina murdered (59 B.C.)
- Banished and then brutally killed his first wife Octavia
- Great Fire (64 B.C.)
- Said to have “fiddled” while Rome burned
- Built his Domus Aurea (Golden House)
Nero (54 A.D.-68 A.D.)
the most famous Cynic, lived in a tub; Alexander said that if he could not be Alexander, he would like to be ________.
Diogenes
discourse at a dinner party concerning the nature of love; Aristophanes hiccups throughout it.
Symposium
vaccine, vaccination, vaccinate
vacca = cow
diagnose, physiognomy, prognostic
gignosko / γιγνωσκω (to come to know, recognize)
- means “little boot”
- Known for the fake invasion of Britain – commanded his soldiers to collect seashells along the English channel (on the coast of France. His army never reached Britain).
- His favorite horse was named Incitatus - attempted to make consul or a senator
- He was killed by a member of the praetorian guard, Cassius Chaerea
Caligula (37 A.D.- 41 A.D.)
He began to become the most-powerful Athenian statesman and generals. He crafted the ostracisms of Megacles, Xanthippus, and Aristides, in 486, 484, and 482, respectively. As a politician, he was a populist, having the support of lower-class Athenians, and generally being at odds with the Athenian nobility.
Themistocles
Aristotle’s commentary on literature, particularly tragedy and comedy. He says that Margites, a lost poem about a fool’s adventures, is a proto-comedy.
Poetics
auxiliary, authorize, augmentation
augeo = increase
hippodrome, hippopotamus
hippos / ἱππος (horse)
Battle in which Octavian and Agrippa defeat Mark Antony and Cleopatra, who afterwards commit suicide
Battle of Actium (31 B.C.)
Solon instituted this "shaking off of debts"
Seisachtheia
eight books long, this work shows that Aristotle believed a limited democracy is best, because the perfect ruler could not be found, and speculates on the origin of government.
Politics
adhere, hesitancy, incoherent
haereo = stick / cling
diocese, economy, parish, parochial
oikos / (house, household)
Battle wherein most important enemy was Vercingetorix of the Arverni
Caesar’s Gallic Wars (58 B.C. - 51 B.C.)
This was a noble Athenian family prominent in politics. Its first eminent member was Megacles.
Alcmaeonid
This trilogy contains these plays:
Agamemnon
Choephoroe (the Libation Bearers)
Eumenides (‘kindly ones’, a euphemism for the Furies) : only extant trilogy of Aeschylus
The Oresteia trilogy