Classification
True/False: Classification is an exact, objective science
False
What makes members of the domain archaea unique?
Extremophiles - thrive in and often require extreme conditions
No peptidoglycan in their cell walls, but do contain isoprene
What is unique about the domain Bacteria?
Peptidoglycan in the cell walls, slippery capsules for some bacteria, reproduction by binary fission, movement by flagella for some
True/False: Viruses are capable of living and reproducing independently.
False
Animal-like, motile adults, autotrophic or heterotrophic
Example: Amoeba, plasmodium
Protozoa
What kind of environment might you find a methanogen living in?
Anoxic (no oxygen) environments like swamps, intestines of animals like cows
What is the function of bacteria in your gut?
To aid in digestion and production of key nutrients/vitamins. They also protect from harmful bacteria
Lytic or Lysogenic:
Virus enters a cell and immediately hijacks its machinery to start producing large quantities of viral proteins, resulting in cell lysis and death.
Lytic phase
What is an example of an organism in the kingdom Chromista?
What is the term for archaea that can be found in extremely salty conditions?
Halophile
Is E. coli always pathogenic?
No! When it is in the right place it is part of a healthy culture of bacteria, but when it infects the wrong person or place it can cause disease
What is one pathogen that is even smaller than a virus?
A prion or a viroid
How is a convergent trait different from a divergent trait?
In evolutionary science, divergent traits come from the same ancestor while convergent traits appear separate times with no common ancestry
Which archaea might you find in the acidic hot-springs of Yellowstone?
Acidophiles
How do antibiotics like penicillin work on bacteria?
They interfere with peptidoglycan in the cell wall, which weakens the bacteria and allows our immune systems to take over
How are viruses possibly useful?
They can be used for genetic engineering, gene therapy, pest control, fighting bacterial infection