Bacilli or Bust
This is the reason mycobacterium require long term drug therapy.
What is mycobacterium are slow growing microbes.
Isoniazid can be given by these two routes.
What are PO or IM?
This drug may be given alone for treatment of LATENT TB infection.
What is Isoniazid (INH)
These four drugs are typically given as induction therapy for active TB.
What are Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol?
In an adult patient with active TB, we start seeing relief of symptoms after this length of time.
What is drastic improvement of symptoms by day 14?
This is the reason mycobacterium are referredto as "acid fast bacilli"?
Rifampin can be given by these two routes.
What are PO or IV?
Routine eye exams should be done to assess for color discrimination and visual acuity when taking this drug.
What is it Ethambutol?
This is the minimum length of therapy for active TB infection.
What is 6 months?
A major side effect of this medication is optic neuritis.
What is Ethambutol?
Sputum cultures become negative in over 90% of patients after being treated for this length of time.
What is 3 months?
Pyridoxine (Vit B6) is given to prevent peripheral neuropathy caused by this drug.
What is Isoniazid? (INH)
This medication should NOT be given with food as it decreases absorption.
What is Rifampin?
These two tests are used to determine if a patient has latent tuberculosis.
What are PPD test and Quantiferon gold blood test?
This medication can turn urine orange-reddish color or stain contact lenses?
Direct observation therapy involves this process.
What is the drug being taken in front of an observer (usually a representative of the health department)?
Drug selection for active TB is based upon these two factors.
What are patterns of drug resistance in the community and the immunocompetience of the patient?
These TB medications cause liver toxicity.
What are Isoniazid, Rifampin and Pyrazinamide?
What is two months?
When assessing a patient for adverse reactions to the combination of isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (Rifadin), the nurse would monitor these laboratory results.
What are liver function tests?
Intermittent drug therapy involves dosing at this interval.
What is 2 or 3 times a week?
These are the differences between the induction phase and the continuation phase of TB drug therapy.
What is the induction phase eliminates actively dividing EXTRAcellular tubercle bacilli and render the sputum non infections, and the continuation phase eliminates persistant INTRAcellular organisms?
Individuals taking oral contraceptives should use another form of birth control with this TB medicaton.
What is Rifampin?
(Can reduce efficacy of oral contraceptive because it speeds up the metabolism of the hormones (estrogen, Progesterone) in oral contraceptives.)
A patient with HIV/AIDS has been taking protease/inhibitors for 18 months. They now have been diagnosed with active TB and therefore should avoid this TB drug.
What is Rifampin?
(Rifampin is powerful inducer of various CYP P450 pathways and can interact with certain protease inhibitors and NNRTIs.)
The nurse is caring for a patient taking Isoniazid for latent tuberculosis. What SE/clinical manifestation does the nurse recognize with this drug?
(Not a lab result, but something we can actually assess with the patient)