TB basics
What organism causes tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Which drug may turn urine and tears orange-red?
Rifampin
What type of virus is HIV?
Retrovirus (RNA virus using reverse transcriptase)
Main treatment approach for HIV?
Antiretroviral therapy (ART)
What PPE is required for active TB?
N95 respirator, gloves, gown if needed
How is TB transmitted?
Airborne droplets (coughing, sneezing, talking)
Which TB medication causes neuropathy & what prevents it?
Isoniazid (INH); Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
Which cells are destroyed by HIV?
CD4+ T lymphocytes
Why is ART adherence critical?
Prevents viral resistance and progression
How can nurses prevent HIV transmission in mothers?
No breastfeeding; encourage ART & safe delivery
What isolation is used for TB
Airborne isolation (negative-pressure room, N95 mask)
Jaundice in TB therapy means what?
Possible hepatotoxicity—check liver enzymes
CD4 count that defines AIDS?
<200 cells/mm³
What is PrEP and who uses it?
Pre-exposure prophylaxis; for HIV-negative individuals at high risk
Priority for AIDS with Kaposi sarcoma?
Monitor for infection, manage pain, provide psychosocial support
What test confirms TB?
A sputum Culture
During TB treatment a nurse teaches a pt to avoid?
Alcohol
A PT who was tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) after a recent exposure had a negative result. WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?
A negative test result indicates that no HIV antibodies were detected in the blood sample.
PT has been diagnosed with HIV. The patient does not want to take more than one antiretroviral drug. What reasons can the nurse tell the patient about for taking more than one drug?
Viral replication will be inhibited.
The major advantage of using several classes of antiretroviral drugs is that viral replication can be inhibited in several ways
PT ask nurse how long they must take their TB medications?
The nurse says for 6-9 months or as prescribed
What pt is at highest risk for developing active TB from latent infection?
A patient already immunocompromised
If a pt wants to stop their TB treatment drugs because they feel better, what does the nurse say?
Do not, if you have stopped them, start back to prevent relapse
Which is the most common HIV-related neurological complication?
Toxoplasmosis
After the first injection of an immunotherapy program, the nurse notices a large, red wheal on the client's arm, coughing, and expiratory wheezing. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
Immediately on noticing the client's sign and symptoms, the nurse would determine that the client is experiencing anaphylaxis to the injection.
What nurse action helps prevent drug resistance in TB treatment?
Using combination therapy with multiple TB drugs