Newton's Laws of Motion
What is Newton's First Law of Motion?
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
What is the unit of electric current?
Ampere (A).
What is a wave?
A disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space.
what is mass?
mass is the amount of matter in an object.
What are the four main layers of the Earth?
crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core
How does Newton's Second Law of Motion relate force, mass, and acceleration?
Force equals mass times acceleration (F = ma).
What is the relationship between electricity and magnetism?
Electric current produces a magnetic field, and changing a magnetic field can induce an electric current.
What type of wave requires a medium to travel?
a mechanical wave or sound wave
what is the difference between mass and weight?
mass is the amount of matter in an object. weight is the gravitational force. mass never changes. weight changes based on the gravitational pull/location.
How do seismic waves help scientists study the layers of the earth?
Seismic waves travel differently based on the composition of the internal structures of the layers. (Faster through solids, sower through liquids).
What is an example of Newton's Third Law of Motion?
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. A rocket's fuel shoots downward as the rocket propels upward.
Explain how a magnet can attract a piece of iron.
The magnetic field of the magnet aligns the electrons in the iron, creating a magnetic attraction.
What is the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves?
Transverse waves move perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer, while longitudinal waves move parallel.
Describe how the H-R diagram of stars are categorized?
Stars on the H-R diagram are categorized by their luminosity (brightness) and their temperature.
What is the difference between P-waves and S-waves?
P-waves are primary waves that travel through solids and liquids, while S-waves are secondary waves that only travel through solids.
How do seatbelts demonstrate Newton's First Law?
Seatbelts prevent passengers from continuing to move forward in a car when it suddenly stops.
Describe ways to make an electromagnet stronger
increase power, increase amount of coils, stronger iron core.
How do sound waves travel?
Sound waves travel as longitudinal waves through a medium such as air, water, or solids.
what is an emission spectrum?
when elements emits a unique range of of colors. This helps determine what elements are found in stars.
How do scientists use seismic waves to locate earthquakes?
By analyzing the arrival times of P-waves and S-waves at different seismic stations to triangulate the epicenter.
How would you explain inertia in relation to mass?
Inertia is the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion, and it depends on the mass of the object.
Describe the differences between direct current and alternating current. Examples
AC periodically changes direction, while DC flows consistently in one direction. AC is all powerlines/grid for towns and anything battery powered such as a light bulb.
Describe an application of waves in technology.
Ultrasound is used in medical imaging to visualize internal organs and tissues.
what evidence shows that our universe is expanding?
red shift which as objects move away appear red on the visible light spectrum with longer wavelengths.
What is a seismograph?
An instrument that measures and records details of seismic waves from earthquakes.