Japan
What is the native religion of Japan that emphasizes rituals, nature, and worship of kami?
Shinto (Shintoism)
Which desert in northern China served as a barrier that affected migration and invasions?
Gobi Desert
Which concept replaced the geocentric model and placed the sun at the center of the solar system?
Heliocentric model (heliocentrism)
What was one complaint Martin Luther had about the Catholic Church that he listed in the 95 Theses?
That the sale of indulgences was corrupt or that people could be saved by faith rather than buying forgiveness
Which sea lies between Japan and the Asian mainland and influenced travel and trade?
Sea of Japan / East Sea
Which major waterway connected northern and southern China and helped move grain and goods during imperial times?
Grand Canal
Which scientist improved the telescope and reported moons orbiting Jupiter, providing evidence against geocentrism?
(Galileo observed moons of Jupiter and phases of Venus with a telescope.)
Which English monarch re-established Protestantism after Mary I and supported a moderate religious settlement?
Elizabeth I
(She established the Elizabethan Religious Settlement balancing Protestant doctrine and some traditional practice.)
Which English monarch re-established Protestantism
Which clan/family (uji) in early Japan supported the introduction of Buddhism and gained influence through it?
Soga (the Soga clan)
What belief system emphasized ancestor worship and filial piety and influenced Chinese government and exams?
Confucianism (Confucian beliefs used in civil service exams)
Name one invention or measuring instrument from the Scientific Revolution that advanced scientific work (choose one and state its purpose).
Microscope — to view tiny organisms;
thermometer — measure temperature;
barometer — measure air pressure;
telescope — view distant celestial bodies
Identify one Protestant reformer other than Luther (name one of his core beliefs).
John Calvin — belief in predestination; Ulrich Zwingli — emphasis on simpler worship; William Tyndale — translating the Bible into English
What written work from the Heian period gives historians insight into aristocratic court ceremonies and daily life (written by a court lady)?
The Tale of Genji (by Murasaki Shikibu)
Name one Chinese navigational technology described by Zhu Yu that helped sailors determine location at sea.
Compass (south-pointing needle) or use of stars for navigation
Which scientist formulated laws that explained motion and gravity and helped unify previous discoveries?
Isaac Newton — laws of motion and universal gravitation
What was one goal of the Council of Trent during the Counter-Reformation?
Reinforce Catholic doctrine, reform clerical abuses, create seminaries to better train priests (Council of Trent actions)
Name two cultural elements Japan adopted from China (one related to government, one related to writing).
Chinese writing system (kanji) for written Japanese; centralized government ideas (bureaucracy, legal codes) modeled on China
Describe one economic or cultural effect of the Silk Road on China (example: introduction of products, ideas, or technologies).
Examples: Silk Road brought foreign goods (silk, spices), religions (Buddhism), technologies (papermaking) and increased cultural exchange
Explain how experimentation and math were used together by one Scientific Revolution figure to change how people understood the universe (give one example).
Example: Kepler used mathematical laws (ellipses) to describe planetary orbits; Galileo used systematic observations/experiments (telescopic observations) to support heliocentrism; Newton combined math and observation to explain gravity.
Explain one political effect of the Reformation on European rulers (give an example).
Examples: Rulers gained control over national churches (e.g., Henry VIII in England); religious conflicts led to shifts in dynastic alliances and wars (e.g., Thirty Years’ War later)