Definitions
What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
(From lecture slides)
How many significant figures: 1 L = 1000mL
Infinite--it's a definition
(From lecture slides)
“White gold,” used in jewelry, contains gold and
another “white” metal such as palladium. Two
different samples of white gold differ in the
relative amounts of gold and palladium that they
contain. Both samples are uniform in
composition throughout. Without knowing any
more about the materials, how would you
classify this material?
Homogenous mixture because it is uniform throughout but does not have a specific, definite formula and ratios
(From lecture slides)
What is distillation and what property does it use?
Distillation is the process in which substances--typically in solution--are separated by taking advantage of their differences in boiling points.
(From lecture slides)
Convert 5.00m into inches
- 100 cm = 1 meter
- 1 inch = 2.54 cm
197 inches
(Modified lecture slide problem)
What is a physical property?
Properties of a substance that can be observed without changing a substance into another substance.
(From lecture slides)
How many significant figures: 0.000002023000
7
Aspirin is composed of 60.0% carbon,
4.5% hydrogen, and 35.5% oxygen by
mass, regardless of its source. How would you
to characterize and classify aspirin?
Pure substance made of compounds because it has a definite ratio of elements that does not change.
(From lecture slides)
What is filtration and what property does it use?
Filtration is a type of separation method that takes advantages of the difference sizes of a mixture's components.
(From lecture slides)
The average speed of a carbon dioxide molecule in the stratosphere of the Earth travels at a speed of 1651 m/s. Convert into miles per hour.
(Not fact checked)
- 1 km = 1000 meters
- 1 mile = 1.6093 km
3693 miles per hour
(Modified lecture slide problem)
What is a chemical property?
Properties of a substance that can be observed ONLY when a substance is changed into another substance.
(From lecture slides)
How many significant figures: 238.1500 - 14.8 =
223.4
Tap water
How does distillation differ from evaporation?
Distillation involves collecting the vaporized substances, condensing them back into a liquid, and collecting them. Evaporation only vaporizes but does not condense nor collect the substance afterwards.
The Earth's oceans contain approximately 1.36 x 10^9 km^3 of water. Calculate the volume in liters.
- 1 L = 10^-3 m^3
1.36 x 10^21 L
(From lecture slides)
What is an extensive property?
A property that is dependent upon the amount of the substance present (mass, volume, energy, etc. etc.)
(From lecture slides)
How many significant figures: 10054.67 + 454.2 + 64.78 + 289 =
10863
(From practice problems on Brightspace)
A pure substance made of entirely carbon (element) in a crystalline structure which gives diamond it's characteristic hardness.
What is chromatography and what kind of property does it utilize?
Chromatography is a method of separation that separates substances based on differences in solubility in a solvent.
(From lecture slides)
What is the mass in grams of 1.00 gal of
water?
- 1.00 g water = 1 mL water
- 1 L = 1000 mL
- 1 L = 1.057 qt
- 1 gal = 4 qt
3.78 x 10^3 g of water
(From lecture slides)
What is an intensive property?
A property that is independent of the amount of the substance that is present (density, boiling point, color, etc. etc.)
(From lecture slides)
How many significant figures: (15 x 2.4) + (360/15.5) + (3.278 x 100.2) =
388
(Modified practice problem from Brightspace)
Milk
A heterogenous mixture best described as a colloid. It looks homogeneous to the naked eye, but in the microscopic world, particles of fat and protein found in water are not uniformly distributed.
Imagine this: You have a cup of salt water filled with sand, pebbles, and floating algae. If you want to isolate just the salt from the salt water, how would you do that?
1) Pick out the floating algae
2) Filter the cup of salt water, sand, and pebbles through a filter to get rid of the sand and pebbles
3) Evaporate the salt water so that there is only salt left.
A toy car is moving at a speed of 3.5 cm/s, what is the toy car's speed in kilometers per hour?
- 1 meter = 100 cm
- 1 km = 1000 m
0.13 kilometers per hour