Energy in Earth's Systems
The hydrosphere is mostly made of ________.
water
A wave rubbing sand against a rock and weathering it would be an example of a _______ scale change.
small
What is the most common natural disaster that happens at transform boundaries?
Earthquakes
You are analyzing a rock made of small rock fragments and the remains of plants and animals. What type of rock are you analyzing?
Sedimentary
Rock layers below are usually __________ than rock layers above.
older
The earth's ___sphere is made up of the core, mantle, and crust.
geo
The accumulation of eroded rock material transported from another location is called _________.
A trench forms at what kind of plate boundary?
Convergent
________ rock is made by cooling magma either on or below the surface.
Igneous
______________ dating determines the age of a rock by comparing it to the rocks around it.
Relative
The hot, solid, middle layer of the geosphere is called the ________.
mantle
When rock is broken down in place it is called _________, but if material is removed, it is called _________.
weathering; erosion
The hypothesis that the continents slowly drifted to their current positions after having been part of a single, giant landmass that broke apart is called ________ ______.
continental drift
You see heat and pressure change the shape of parallel lines on a rock to wavy lines. This process it is called ________.
deformation
The preserved remains of an organism that are used to help date rocks are called _______ _______.
index fossils
When objects transfer energy through touch, that process is called _______.
conduction
Magma is formed _______ ground and lava is formed ______ ground.
below; above
The process by which a collision between two tectonic plates forces the denser plate under the less dense plate is called ____________.
subduction
Igneous rock that forms when magma cools quickly on Earth’s surface is called ________ rock.
extrusive
If an igneous rock cuts a sedimentary rock in half vertically, which rock is older?
sedimentary
When matter is heated, becomes less dense and rises, then cools and sinks back down, this process is called ____________.
convection
The idea that any natural processes we can observe today happened in the same way in the past and will also happen in the same way in the future is called ___________.
uniformitarianism
A chain of volcanic mountains found on the seafloor is called the __________ _______.
mid-ocean ridge
Rock changed in composition or texture by heat and pressure is called _______ rock.
metamorphic
It is reasonable to guess that rock layers on either side of a gap are the same age because of the principle of _________ __________.
lateral continuity