Terms
A form of job security for a teacher
Tenure
"Eliminating teacher tenure would increase student achievement"
Kersten
Established that segregated schools are unconstitutional
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Average salary is $85,889 and is 11.50% more than average
New York
By the year 1993, 55% of students that attended central city schools were ____
Black or Hispanic
A process where schools swap their worst performing teachers at the end of the school year.
Lemon Dance
"When districts do not find qualified teachers, they assign the least able individuals to the students with the least political clout"
Darling-Hammond
Extended the ban of gender discrimination to schools
Title IX (1972)
Average salary is $61,825 and is 1.50% less than average
Michigan
In the year 1994, over 20% of public school teachers were hired without the need to meet regular ___ requirements
Certification
A model that evaluates the a teacher's performance based on their students standardized test scores over a period of time
VMA (Value Added Model)
"Low-income, minority students suffer as a result when less-desired educators make their way into their classrooms"
Lynch
Set a precedent for schools to provide services and accommodations for students who do not speak English
Lau v. Nichols (1974)
Average salary is $56,567 and is 8.60 less than average
Tennessee
Attrition rates for teachers (mainly in cities) averaged 30% or higher for the first ___ years of teaching
Five
The process that allows states to make teacher evaluations based on their local environment
ESSA (Every Student Succeeds Act)
"Students in California's predominately minority schools were 10 times more likely to have uncertified than those in predominately white schools"
Shields
Required school districts to identify students with disabilities and provide them with a free public education
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (1975)
Average salary is $50,064 and is 13.90% less than average
Missouri
High-minority school students have a 50% chance of being taught by a ___ or ___ teacher who has a basic certification
Math, science
Defines more organized goals for student success by which to measure educators by
SLO (Student Learning Objectives)
"31% of the predicted difference in mathematics achievement between districts in the top and bottom quartiles was explained by teacher qualifications and class sizes, while 29.5% was explained by poverty, race, and parent education"
Ferguson & Ladd
Required greater accountability for schools to meet national standards (extended the Elementary and Secondary Education Act)
No Child Left Behind Act (2001)
Average salary is $52,466 and is 28% less than average
Virginia
The California Commission of the Teaching Profession found that ___ and ___ students spend most of their school years being taught by the least qualified teachers
Minority, poor