Chapter 1: What is SLA?
What does SLA stand for?
Second Language Acquisition
Name one of Krashen's 5 principles of SLA.
Acquisition-Learning hypothesis
Natural Order Hypothesis
Monitor Hypothesis
Input Hypothesis
Affective Filter Hypothesis
True or False: Without input, no one can learn a language.
True
What is the primary purpose of pushed output?
To develop perfect pronunciation
To memorize vocabulary
To produce more accurate and complex language
To reduce anxiety
To produce more accurate and complex language
What is the difference between trait anxiety and state anxiety?
Trait anxiety is a permanent predisposition while state anxiety is situational
What is the difference between bilingual and SLA?
Bilingual means a person is fluent in two languages. Second language acquisition is the process in which a person may become bilingual.
Can L2 and FL be used interchangeably?
Yes. L2 means the second language and FL means the foreign language.
What is the primary way languages are acquired according to Krashen's input hypothesis?
Through grammar exercises
Through speaking practice
Through understanding messages
Through writing tasks
Through understanding messages
What is VanPatten's specific definition of output in SLA?
Language with a communicative purpose
Which type of error should teachers prioritize in correction?
Local errors
Global errors
Minor spelling errors
Accent errors
Global Errors
What does L1 mean?
A learner's first language (native language)
According to Krashen's acquisition-learning hypothesis, which type of learning is characterized by conscious and formally taught knowledge about language?
Natural Learning, Formal Learning, Implicit Learning, Incidental Learning
Formal Learning
Which factor can block input from reaching the language acquisition device according to Krashen?
Limited vocabulary
Poor grammar knowledge
Negative affective variables
Lack of formal instruction
Negative affective variables
What are ESL students primarily interested in developing?
Only communication skills
Only grammar knowledge
Both linguistic system and communication ability
Only vocabulary acquisition
Both linguistic system and communication ability
What is the difference between mistakes and errors?
Mistakes are slips in known language while errors reflect gaps in knowledge
Order Krashen's five phases of SLA from earliest to most advanced.
Pre-Production, Early Production, Speech Emergence, Intermediate Fluency, Advanced Fluency
What is the main function of Krashen's Monitor hypothesis?
To facilitate natural acquisition
To process input automatically
To edit and correct language production
To reduce anxiety in learning
To edit and correct language production
What is the difference between input and intake in language learning?
Input is written while intake is spoken
Input is formal while intake is informal
Input is what learners are exposed to, intake is what they incorporate
Input is from teachers while intake is from peers
Input is what learners are exposed to, and intake is what they incorporate.
What does research suggest about extensive reading and listening simultaneously?
It's ineffective for vocabulary learning
It's effective for vocabulary acquisition
It only helps with grammar
It only improves pronunciation
It's effective for vocabulary acquisition
What is a key characteristic of effective recasts in error correction?
They should be short and focused.
Describe some traits of a student who is in the pre-production phase of SLA.
Student has minimal comprehension
Does not verbalize
Might nod yes or no
Can draw or point to pictures or objects for comprehension
Which of Krashen's principles suggests that grammar points should not be introduced before students are ready to acquire them?
Affective filter hypothesis
Monitor hypothesis
Input hypothesis
Natural order hypothesis
Natural Order Hypothesis
What does Krashen's i + 1 concept represent?
Input that is slightly above the learner's current level
How does Scovel view the Critical Period Hypothesis?
It applies to all aspects of language learning
It only applies to accent acquisition
It doesn't exist at all
It only affects grammar learning
It only applies to accent acquisition
What type of input does Ellis (2015) define as arising from social interactions?
Non-interactive input
Interactive input
Passive input
Receptive input
Interactive Input