It refers to language that occurs in (semi-)fixed units and that we usually learn as one piece.
What is a chunk?
100
Asking learners to repeat models of the new language, correcting their pronunciation mistakes, using activities which focus on word or sentence stress or on minimal pairs, e.g. hut/hat, thing/think.
What can help to make learners aware of the importance of aspects of pronunciation?
100
By moving on to writing after doing some listening, reading or speaking on a topic.
How can you support learners in their writing?
100
With pair and group work.
How can you increase the opportunity for communication in the classroom?
100
A formal test to assess learning at the end of a course.
What is an achievement test?
200
It focuses on functions, language skills, fluency and communication.
What does nowadays language teaching focus on?
200
Writing. Learners get to know how to write e.g. letters of complaint by learning exponents for greeting, explaining reasons, describing complaint, asking for satisfaction and signing off.
What is appropriate to be taught and often taught through function?
200
It starts by planning the work, drafting it, and then goes on to editing, re-drafting and proofreading.
What are the stages of a writing process?
200
You can pre-teach key words and set pre-listening tasks.
What support can you give children before doing a listening?
200
Single-focus activities. They should, however, not just consist of multiple-choice and true/false questions but also require learners to produce sentences.
Which activities are useful to assess receptive skills?
300
They refer to how words are made up and presented in speech or writing. They can be identified in words containing prefixes or suffixes.
What are grammatical forms?
300
Learners learn by being exposed to language. Comprehension comes before production. Language is learnt best when it is accompanied by doing things physically. Learning takes place when learners are relaxed.
What does Total Physical Response (TPR) mean?
300
Scanning, reading for detail, deducing meaning from context, understanding text structure, reading for gist (skimming), inferring, predicting.
Name seven reading skills.
300
They allow learners to choose the language they use to speak, e.g. information-gap activities, problem solving, project work, discussions, explaining solutions.
What are fluency activities?
300
Extended activities, e.g. letter writing or interview.
Which activities are useful to assess productive skills?
400
This involves understanding its form and meaning, e.g. what part of speech it is, how it is pronounced and spelt, and all the meanings it can have.
What means fully knowing words?
400
Content and Language Integrated Learning. Language serves to communicate meaning. Lessons focus on the subject rather than on language.
What can help learners to bring in their own knowledge of the world to understanding a text?
400
By controlled practice.
How can you focus on accuracy in speaking?
400
By using language games and quizzes, by monitoring practice activities and making notes of frequent errors.
How can we assess learners’ grammatical and lexical knowledge informally?
500
If they have any false friends, if they are homophones or homonyms of others they know. This helps to save learners from misunderstandings.
What do we have to check if we have to introduce new words?
500
Language is learnt best if presented to learners through interesting topics which help them increase their knowledge of the world. Grammatical, lexical, functional areas and skills are all important.
What is content-based learning?
500
It is also called reading for pleasure, involves reading long pieces of text, for example a story or an article.
What is extensive reading?
500
Introductory activities, main activities, post-task activities.
What pattern do activities in a listening lesson often follow?
500
By checking learners’ answers to reading and listening tasks.
How can we carry out informal assessment of receptive skills?