Procedures
Teaching new behavior by differentially reinforcing successive approximations toward the behavioral objective.
Shaping
When an individual applies something learned in a specific situation to other similar situations
Generalization
Used to identify and define targets for behavior change. It helps to guide us to create effective and positive interventions.
Preference Assessment
A method for teaching behavior chains with the learner being prompted and taught the first behavior in the task analysis; the trainer completes the remaining steps in the chain. When the learner shows competence and performing the first step in the chain, he is then taught to perform the first two behaviors in the chain, with the trainer completing the chain. This process is continued until the learner completes the entire chain independently.
Forward Chaining
Teach a child to wash her hands before a meal at school.
Then she washes her hands before meals at home, even though no one has taught her to wash her hands before meals at home.
Generalization across settings
What are the 3 main Preference Assessment Methods?
Free Operant Observation
Asking about stimulus preferences
Trial-based Methods
Breaking down a complex skill or series of behaviors into smaller, teachable units.
Task Analysis
Teach a child to identify the color red with a red block.
Teach a child to identify a red car, red marker, red blanket as also red.
Generalization across Stimuli
The Item chosen remains in the array and the items not chosen are replaced with new items
Multiple Stimulus With Replacement
A method in which a trainer completes all but the last behavior in chain, which is performed by the learner, who then receives reinforcement for completing the chain. When the learner shows competence in the final step in the chain, the trainer performs all but the last two behaviors in the chain, the learner admits the final two steps to complete the chain and reinforcement is delivered. This sequence is continued until the learner completes the entire team independently.
Backward Chaining
Teach a child to say "Hi," to Sally.
He/she the says, "Hi" to other people as well.
Generalization across people
An engagement-based preference assessment procedure in which an individual is presented with one stimulus at a time for a specified period of time, and the duration of engagement recorded.
Single Stimulus (Successive Choice)
A simultaneous teaching method, in which all of several elements are taught concurrently, as opposed to joining or adding one link (behavior) at a time.
Total Task Chaining
The ability of a child to demonstrate previously acquired skills over time and over durations in which the reinforcement schedule has been thinned below the level at which the skill was taught in the first place.
Maintenance
An approach-based preference assessment procedure in which an individual makes choices between two stimuli at a time.
Paired Stimulus (Forced Choice)