Languages
What is the main purpose of language in functional linguistics?
To perform communicative functions
Name the three main components used to assess speaking.
Fluency, accuracy, complexity
What is the main goal of communicative teaching?
Meaningful interaction
What does CLT stand for?
Communicative Language Teaching
What event officially marked the beginning of the American War of Independence in 1775?
The Battles of Lexington and Concord
What does Halliday mean by language acquisition?
Mastery of linguistic functions
What does fluency in speaking mean?
Speaking smoothly without hesitation
Name one activity that develops communicative competence.
Role-play
What is the core principle of TBLT?
Learning through meaningful tasks
Which traditional British dish became globally associated with British identity despite having colonial origins in India?
Chicken tikka masala
What is language considered in functional theory?
A resource for making meaning
Why is speaking considered a complex skill?
It integrates pronunciation, grammar, and pragmatics
What does learner awareness in speaking involve?
Understanding speaking strategies
What is avoided in the Direct Method?
The mother tongue
What cultural difference is often noted between Americans and British regarding communication style?
Americans are more direct, British are more indirect
What do speech units carry besides grammatical structure?
Communicative meaning
What type of practice improves speaking through skill transfer?
Extensive listening and reading
Why is functionality important in communication?
It connects language to real-life purposes
What is the shared focus of CLT and TBLT?
Meaningful communication
What 19th-century U.S. policy forced Native Americans to leave their ancestral lands and relocate west of the Mississippi River?
The Indian Removal Act
According to functional linguistics, what fundamental concept explains the relationship between language structure and social context?
The metafunctional organization of language
What cognitive limitation explains why speaking requires automatization of linguistic processing?
Limited working memory capacity
What concept explains the ability to use language appropriately according to context, participants, and purpose?
Pragmatic competence
What theoretical hypothesis underlies TBLT by claiming that language acquisition occurs through meaningful interaction and negotiation of meaning?
The Interaction Hypothesis
Which 20th-century geopolitical factor explains why the United States became a major global power with abundant oil resources, influencing its economic and military policies?
Strategic control of natural resources (including domestic oil reserves) combined with industrialization and global trade dominance