"Byte"-Sized Basics
(IT Concepts & Terminology)
(IT Concepts & Terminology)
This numerical system, using only 1s and 0s, is the fundamental language understood by all computers.
What is Base 2 (or Binary)?
This type of cable is commonly used for the transmission of data. It can be used to connect computers, switches, routers, access points and more.
Keeping software current with these helps protect against security threats & improves performance.
What are software updates?
Unlike scripting languages, this type of language requires translation into machine code before it can be executed.
What are compiled languages like C++, Java, or others?
This type of data is organized into rows and columns within a table structure.
What is relational data?
This is the measure of how many bits are transmitted across a connection each second, expressed in units like Kbps, Mbps, or Gbps.
What is Throughput?
These common devices are used as permanent forms of storage also known as non-volatile storage. Name 3
What is a Solid State Drive (SSD), Hard Disk Drive (HDD), Solid State Hard Drive (SSHD), Optical Media (Blu-ray, DVD, CD), Flash Storage (USB Flash Drive)
If a computer doesn't have enough of this, it may run slowly as it relies more on the hard drive for temporary storage.
What is RAM (Random Access Memory)?
These named storage locations hold values that can change during program execution.
What are variables in programming?
This type of data such as videos, images, and music combined with meta data?
What is Semi-Structured Data?
While a byte consists of eight bits, this four-bit binary number represents the decimal value twelve?
What is 1100?
This device sits at the center of most networks, examining data packets and forwarding them only to the intended recipient's port (MAC Address).
What is a network switch
Unwanted pop-up ads often indicate this type of software has been installed without the user's knowledge.
What is adware or malware?
This low-level language uses mnemonics to represent machine instructions, requiring a separate program to translate it into executable code.
What is assembly language?
This type of backup is a one time backup for a database that creates a one to one copy of all of your information.
What is a Database Dump?
To be useful, a computer must reliably handle data through these four stages.
What are Input, Processing, Output, and Storage?
What is the IEEE name for Wi-fi and the IEEE name for Ethernet Cables?
Wi-fi - 802.11
Ethernet - 802.3
This improves performance by reducing latency and bandwidth usage when accessing commonly requested content.
What is web browser caching?
This data structure stores a fixed-size collection of elements of the same type in contiguous memory locations.
What is an array?
This type of key uniquely identifies each record within a table, ensuring no two records are exactly alike.
What is a primary key?
How many bits are in an IPv4 Address?
What is 32 bits?
Name at least 5 with a description of their purpose.
HTTP/HTTPS - Websites
POP3/IMAP - Receiving Emails
SMTP - Sending Emails
FTP - transfering files
DNS - translating domain names to ip
DHCP - automatic ip assignment
Ipconfig - Windows
Ifconfig - Mac/Linux
Name all five fundamental data types discussed in class and an example of the type of data they store?
Integer - whole values
Float - Decimal Values
String - Names, Sentences
Char - Single Letter
Boolean - True or False
What is Create, Alter, Drop, and Permissions?