Some researchers argue that a first language is acquired, but second languages must be learned in the same way we learn about _______ or _________.
What is history or biology?
100
According to Krashen we acquire a new language __________.
What is subconsciously?
100
According to Schumann, eight factors influence this.
What is social distance?
100
Vygotsky developed a distinction between scientific and spontaneous concepts. This type of concept is abstract ideas that societies use to organize and categorize experiences.
What is Scientific?
100
ELL
What is English Language Learners?
200
According to census data, this percent of people in the United States speak two languages?
What is 17 percent?
200
This hypothesis states that language is acquired in a natural order.
What is The Natural Order Hypothesis?
200
According to Schumann, language acquisition can best be understood by looking at what happens when people from one cultural group are transplanted into this.
What is a new setting?
200
Vygotsky describes this as " A temporary framework for construction in progress"
What is scaffolding?
200
A person that is equally competent in two languages.
What is balanced bilingual?
300
This occurs when a child acquires two languages at the same time from birth.
What is simultaneous childhood bilingualism?
300
This hypothesis claims that people acquire language in only one way. (When they receive oral or written messages they understand).
What is The Input Hypothesis?
300
These three main factors determine the psychological distance a second language learner has from the target language and culture.
What is Motivation, Attitude, and Culture shock?
300
Vygotsky's theories are the basis of work by Brown, Collins and Duguid (1989). According to this author, the process of acquiring new concepts is through cognitive apprenticeship.
What is Brown?
300
The process of going back and forth from one language to the other.
What is code switching or translanguaging?
400
This is the version of English an English language learner speaks.
What is interlanguage?
400
This hypothesis helps explain different functions that acquisition and learning play.
What is The Monitor Hypothesis?
400
The acculturation model suggests that teachers should develop this type of classroom learning environment.
What is student interaction?
400
According to Vygotsky the role of the teacher is this.
What is mediation?
400
This happens to both indigenous and immigrant language groups. Forms and uses of minoritized languages change and are reduced, and eventually the speakers of these languages shift to using the dominant language.
What is language shift?
500
This author states "Children are born ready to become bilinguals, trilinguals, and multilinguals".
What is Baker?
500
Only input leads to acquisition and output does not. According to Krashen, output might help people learn this.
What is academic content?
500
The objection to Schumann's theory is that it is not comprehensive and does not take into account these two differences among learners.
What is linguistic and cognitive differences?
500
This concept is defined as "the distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers".
What is Zone of Proximal Development?
500
This teaching method allows for pair-share, and student interaction.