Positive Effects
Klingberg's experiment showed that using computer games can improve what cognitive process?
Working memory
(Or attention, or working memory capacity) are also acceptable answers.
In Lillard and Peterson, what kids' TV show had a negative effect on working memory?
Spongebob squarepants
What are two characteristics of a true experiment?
IV is manipulated and a DV is measured.
Controlled environment.
How long is Paper One?
Two hours.
What are the two key questions that underline everything we do in IB Psychology?
1) How and why do humans think and act the way they do?
2) How do we know?
(If 1 is stated as two questions that's also acceptable)
According to Gonzales and Hancock, Facebook can improve self-esteem. True or false?
True
What was the key difference between Caillou and Spongebob square pants? (Which may explain effects on cognitive processing).
Different scene-length.
What are two characteristics of a correlational study?
Correlation coefficient is calculated to measure the strength of a relationship between two variables
No IV or DV, but co-variables
How many essays do you write in Paper One?
One.
Psychology as a subject is facing a bit of a crisis at the moment because the results of many famous studies are failing to be replicated. What has this crisis been named?
The replicability crisis (also the reproducibility crisis)
What are two specific types of tests used to test working memory capacity?
N-back and span board tasks
According to Strayer and Johnson, the use of cell phones can have a negative effect on what cognitive process?
Attention
(Perception would also be acceptable)
Reaction time is not a cognitive process - it's an action that is an effect of attention and perception.
Klingberg's experiment required participants to do the working memory games at home (i.e. not in the laboratory). Is this still a true experiment?
Yes.
A physical environment doesn't have to be a lab in order to be a true experiment.
How many short answer responses might be asked about the HL extension questions?
None - they're in the essays only.
What are three executive functions?
Working memory
Delaying gratification
Attention control
VRET can have a positive effect on what cognitive process?
Memory / Learning
Specifically, associative learning.
(The fear extinction is a new type of learning where the once fear-inducing stimulus is now associated with a harmless outcome).
Over 1,000.
What are two explanations for the correlation found in Christakis et al.'s study?
1) Watching TV causes attention problems.
2) Kids with attention problems are more drawn to watching lots of TV.
3) Kids with attention problems have inattentive parents, so they're allowed to watch lots of TV.
You have to revise all three HL extensions. True or false? (And explain why)
False.
As long as HL students are prepared to write an essay for any topic (including extension) from ONE approach they are well-prepared for Paper 1 because one, two or all three questions are based on the extensions.
Name one of the first famous psychologists (pre-1900)
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
Sigmund Freud
What was the key finding in Simons et al.'s review of computer game working memory training?
The games help improve working memory on closely related tasks, but they lack transfer to other areas.
(Must include BOTH points to get full marks).
What did the control group in Lillard and Peterson's study do?
Art (drew stuff)
True experiments and longitudinal studies study different types of effects of technology on cognition.
What are those different types of effects?
True experiments - can measure short-term effects
Longitudinal (correlational) studies can measure long-term effects.
Paper 1 is worth what % of your IB Psychology grade for HL students?
40%
(IA = 20%, Paper 2 = 20%, Paper 3 = 20%)
How did Burnzie cut his finger off?
Stuck it in a lawn mower!