Positive Effects
Klingberg's experiment showed that using computer games can improve what cognitive process?
Working memory
(Or attention, or working memory capacity) are also acceptable answers.
In Lillard and Peterson, what kids' TV show had a negative effect on working memory?
Spongebob squarepants
What are two characteristics of a true experiment?
IV is manipulated and a DV is measured.
Controlled environment.
Who proposed the Multistore memory model?
Atkinson and Shiffrin
What emotion is mostly connected to the formation of FBMs?
Surprise
When the information is factual
What was the key difference between Caillou and Spongebob square pants? (Which may explain effects on cognitive processing).
Different scene-length.
What are two characteristics of a correlational study?
Correlation coefficient is calculated to measure the strength of a relationship between two variables
No IV or DV, but co-variables
Why does HM support Multi store memory model?
Since his long term memory was fine it shows that the stores are separate
A flashbulb memory is a memory of what?
We remember where they happened, the people who were with us, and seemingly irrelevant details such as the weather, particular sounds or specific clothes.
What is a specific type of test used to test working memory capacity?
N-back and span board tasks
According to Strayer and Johnson, the use of cell phones can have a negative effect on what cognitive process?
Attention
(Perception would also be acceptable)
Reaction time is not a cognitive process - it's an action that is an effect of attention and perception.
Klingberg's experiment required participants to do the working memory games at home (i.e. not in the laboratory). Is this still a true experiment?
Yes.
A physical environment doesn't have to be a lab in order to be a true experiment.
Which study from this unit has low population validity?
Robbins
What three events were participants asked to recall in the Brown and Kulik study?
Assassination of MLK, JKF and death of a close one
VRET can have a positive effect on what cognitive process?
Memory / Learning
Specifically, associative learning.
(The fear extinction is a new type of learning where the once fear-inducing stimulus is now associated with a harmless outcome).
Over 1,000.
What are two explanations for the correlation found in Christakis et al.'s study?
1) Watching TV causes attention problems.
2) Kids with attention problems are more drawn to watching lots of TV.
3) Kids with attention problems have inattentive parents, so they're allowed to watch lots of TV.
What does working memory model explain that multi-store memory model does not?
Multitasking
Is the formation of FBMs be influenced by culture? Why or why not?
[Kulkofsky et al] FBM in five countries: China, Germany, Turkey, the UK, and the USA. Results indicated that the effects of national importance and rehearsal of the reception context were consistent across cultures.
In contrast, culture moderated the effects of personal importance, emotionality, surprise, and event rehearsal.
In all cases the effects of these variables were significantly smaller in the Chinese sample.
What was the key finding in Simons et al.'s review of computer game working memory training?
The games help improve working memory on closely related tasks, but they lack transfer to other areas.
(Must include BOTH points to get full marks).
What did the control group in Lillard and Peterson's study do?
Art (drew stuff)
True experiments and longitudinal studies study different types of effects of technology on cognition.
What are those different types of effects?
True experiments - can measure short-term effects
Longitudinal (correlational) studies can measure long-term effects.
Name the two parts that the phonological loop is broken down into
Inner ear (phonological store)
Inner voice (articulatory process)
What is Ms Ania doing at the end of next week?
Having a Thanksgiving party