Vocabulary
the place inside Earth's crust where an earthquake originates
focus/origin of an earthquake
hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed on cooling
magma
the process of two tectonic plates moving away from each other forming oceans, canyons and trenches
divergent tectonic plate boundaries
Earthquakes occur (more/less) along plate boundaries than they do in the center of tectonic plates.
more
Where are shield volcanoes formed?
In places where a weakness in the Earth's crust allow magma to escape to the surface.
the point on the Earth's surface directly above an earthquake’s starting point below the surface
earthquake epicenter
hot molten or semifluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this
lava
the process of two tectonic plates moving toward each other forming mountains and plateaus
convergent tectonic plate boundaries
The surface of the Earth, known as the "crust" is a collection of ___________________________.
solid tectonic plates
These types of volcanoes have regular eruptions.
active
the dozen or so plates that make up the surface of the Earth; their motion is studied in the field of plate tectonics
tectonic plates
a broad domed volcano with gently sloping sides, characteristic of the eruption of fluid, basaltic lava
shield volcanoes
the process of two tectonic plates rubbing or sliding against each other
conservative tectonic plate boundaries
In order to protect ourselves in an earthquake it is best to_____________________________________.
build strong, earthquake resistant structures
These types of volcanoes have not had activity in many years, but activity has been detected inside the volcano more recently.
dormant
a natural process of heat transfer involving the movement of energy and heat from one place to another
convection currents
a destructive mudflow on the slopes of a volcano
lahar
What causes tectonic plates to move?
convection currents
What types of boundaries cause earthquakes?
convergent, divergent and conservative
This type of volcano has not had activity in many years also no activity has been detected recently.
extinct
a volcano built up of alternate layers of lava and ash
strato-volcanoes
a fluid or hardened stream or avalanche of mud
mudflow
Strato-volcanoes are formed by this type of plate boundaries.
Convergent
To decide how intense an earthquake is, scientists use a tool known as _____________________________.
(Shield/Strato-) volcanoes are more violent because they are created through more pressure.
Strato-