Heat Related
Treatment and prevention for minor burns
Hold under cold water
Protect skin from further exposure
Aloe
Sunscreen and protection
Treatment for simple cuts and scrapes
Wash with soapy water, bandage
Do not lean back
Pinch firmly on the nasal ridge
If it doesn't stop bleeding, apply a cold compress
Hazards you may encounter on a hike
Twisted ankles, cuts and scrapes, animal bites, allergic reactions, blisters
Treatment for severe bleeding
1. put on disposable gloves, and apply pressure directly over the wound
2. bandage and maintain pressure without cutting off circulation
3. If the injury is on a limb, regularly check the appendage for warmth, feeling, and colour
4. treat for shock and maintain dressings and pressure
Treatment for second-degree burns
place the injured area under cool water, allow to dry then bandage
Do not apply creams or ointments
Do not break any blisters
Treatment for tick bites
Remove with tweezers, make sure not to squeeze or their mouth could get stuck in you
Wash wound with soap and water
Safety glasses/eye protection
Blink your eyes rapidly, if that doesn't work then flush the eyes with clean water, if that doesn't work then try to manually get the object out of your eye
Treatment for hyperventilation
Treatment for when there is no heartbeat or breath
1. Check for signs of life
2. Send someone for a defibrillator and to call for help
3. Start compressions - to the turn of staying alive
4. If you do not suspect head, neck, or spinal injuries then tilt the head back to open airways
Identification and treatment for dehydration
Signs: thirsty, dark urine, tiredness or weakness, nausea, headache, aches and pains, confusion
Treatment: drink lots of water and stay cool
Treatment for animal bites
Wash area with soap and water
Call the police to warn them about the animal, then get yourself to a doctor to get checked for rabies
Treatment and prevention for blisters
Wear good shoes and socks
Don't pop it and use moleskin
If popped, wash and bandage it
Treatment for frostbite
Slowly warm the affected area, preferably with skin to skin contact
Make sure to be in dry clothing, and don't try to heat the area too quickly
Identification and treatment for shock
Signs: weakness, irritability, confusion, clammy skin, irregular breathing, nausea, extreme thirst
Treatment: calm the victim and assure them they will be ok, put them in the recovery position, keep the person warm
Identification and treatment for heat exhaustion
Signs: Lack of energy, nausea, headache, sweating, rapid pulse, feeling faint
Treatment: Go to a cool shady place, apply cool wet cloths to body and fan to cool them, drink lots of water
Treatment for snakebites
Wash the area and keep it sterile
If the bite is venomous, keep the area at heart level, DO NOT ICE OR SUCK OUT VEMOM, call 911, do not elevate
Recognition and treatment for choking
If they can talk they are not choking
If they can make noises, but not easily pat their back and encourage them to cough
If they can't talk or make noise, preform the Heimlich maneuver
Information to give to first responders
Nature of the emergency, location, description of the victims and their injuries or illness, time of injury or illness, treatment the victims have received, number of helpers, requests for special assistance or equipment, phone numbers for the people who are with the victims
Think FAST:
F=Face - see if one side of the face droops when they smile
A=Arm - if they lift both arms, does one drift downward
S=Speech - if they slur when they say a simple sentence
T=Time - its time to call 911, note the time the signals began
Identification and treatment for heatstroke
Signs: vomiting, seizures, disorientation, rapid pulse, shallow breaking, red hot dry skin
Treatment: bring to cool area and cool body with wet cloths and fans, place covered ice backs on hot areas or immerse the victim in water, drink lots of water
Treatment for insect bites (spider, stingers, bug)
Don't break skin with itching
If there is a red ring, it may be a spider bite, and it should be monitored
If there is a stinger, remove it without squeezing it, ice the area to reduce swelling
Treatment for puncture wounds (splinter, fishhook, large object)
Remove the splinter with tweezers then clean and bandage
If a fishhook is stuck, press on the end with the eye and pull on the other end then clean and bandage, if you are not comfortable doing so, then just go to the doctor's
If the item is large, just go to the doctor
Identification and Treatment for hypothermia
Signs: feeling cold and numb, not being able to think straight, uncontrollable shivering, stumbling, irritability
Treatment: move the person to shelter and get them into warm dry clothing, have them drink warm uncaffeinated liquids, put warm compresses around the body
Treatment for poisoning
1. Call 911
2. Treat for shock, preform CPR if needed
3. Save any vomit for the doctors to use to identify the poison