One Health, One Problem
A shelter receives three new dogs that appear healthy. The veterinarian recommends housing them separately from the established population until their health status is determined. Which disease-control principle is being applied?
What is Quarantine/External Biosecurity (bio-exclusion)?
A lesion on a dog’s limb is located closer to the trunk than a second lesion. What directional term describes the first lesion relative to the second?
What is Proximal?
During intense exercise, a horse increases its respiratory rate and cardiac output. Why are these changes considered part of homeostasis rather than a loss of homeostasis?
They are coordinated adjustments that help maintain the internal environment while metabolic demand increases.
A painful stimulus is detected in a dog’s paw and information travels toward the spinal cord. What type of neural pathway is carrying this information?
What is Sensory/afferent pathway?
A dog is actively bleeding from a laceration. Name the two blood components that have different but complementary roles in stopping the hemorrhage.
What is Platelets and plasma clotting factors?
A veterinarian examines a pet rat without gloves. The rat urinates on minor abrasions on the veterinarian’s hands, and the veterinarian later develops leptospirosis. What single preventive measure would have most directly reduced the veterinarian’s exposure risk?
What is Wearing appropriate gloves/PPE?
A section divides an animal into right and left portions but does not pass directly through the midline. What anatomical plane is this?
What is Sagittal Plane?
A dog loses a large amount of blood after trauma. What is the major immediate homeostatic problem caused by the fall in cardiac output and blood pressure?
What is Inadequate tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery?
A frightened dog develops an increased heart rate and prepares for activity. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is primarily responsible?
What is sympathetic division?
A pelvic-limb tendon is damaged, but the adjacent muscle and bone are intact. What mechanical function is most directly impaired?
What is Transmission of muscle-generated force to bone/across the joint?
Heavy rainfall causes flooding on a farm, and cases of leptospirosis increase in both cattle and farm workers. In the epidemiologic triangle, which component most directly changed to increase transmission?
What is the environment?
A radiograph is too light, and the veterinarian wants to increase the quantity of x-rays without primarily changing their penetrating power. Which exposure factor should be increased?
What is mAs?
A hyperthyroid cat develops marked tachycardia and systemic hypertension. Explain the sequence connecting the increased heart rate to the increased blood pressure.
Increased heart rate increases cardiac output, which increases blood pressure.
A dog has an absent patellar reflex because the integrating center of the reflex is damaged. Which spinal cord segments are involved?
What is L4-L6?
A drug prevents calcium from triggering normal muscle contraction. Which three muscle types could be affected?
What is Skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle?
A disease is normally present at a predictable level in a livestock population, but cases suddenly rise well above the normal baseline. How should this new pattern of disease occurrence be classified?
What is Epidemic/Epizootic?
Two radiographs are obtained with identical positioning and mAs. One is taken at 55 kVp and the other at 75 kVp. How will the image made at 75 kVp differ in penetration and contrast?
What is Greater penetration and lower contrast?
A chronically hypertensive patient develops left ventricular hypertrophy. What change in the ventricle can interfere with normal diastolic filling?
Increased ventricular stiffness/decreased ventricular compliance.
A dog has severe ataxia and poor coordination but remains mentally appropriate. Which major region of the nervous system is most likely affected?
What is Cerebellum?
A female animal has normal circulating estrogen and progesterone, but those hormones cannot enter their target cells. What property of steroid hormones normally allows them to enter those cells?
They are lipophilic and can diffuse through the cell membrane.
Lyme disease cases are increasing in both people and dogs as tick populations expand geographically. What type of coordinated response would best demonstrate a One Health approach?
Collaboration among veterinarians, physicians, public health professionals, and environmental professionals to address animal, human, vector, and environmental factors.
According to the radiation-safety lecture, which tissue or patient category is considered the most sensitive to radiation exposure?
What is the fetus?
During exercise, mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors detect increased demand and send signals to the brain. The brain then stimulates the heart to increase cardiac output. In this homeostatic pathway, what role is the heart performing?
Effector
A dog presents with altered mentation and multiple cranial nerve deficits. Based on this combination of neurologic abnormalities, which major region of the nervous system should you localize the lesion to?
Brainstem
afferent pathway → sympathetic → reflex localization → cerebellar localization → brainstem localization.
A dog has severe hemorrhage and falling tissue oxygen delivery. Name three coordinated physiologic changes from the lectures that could help maintain homeostasis.
Increased cardiovascular activity/cardiac output, increased respiratory activity, and redistribution of blood flow through vascular adjustments.