Energy Transfer
What is energy?
The ability to cause change or do work.
What is a chemical change?
A change that produces one or more new substances.
What is a rock?
A naturally occurring solid material made of one or more minerals.
What is the difference between a conductor and an insulator?
A conductor allows energy, particularly thermal energy, to transfer easily; an insulator reduces/slows energy transfer.
What is one sign that a chemical reaction has occurred?
Examples include a colour change, gas production, temperature change, formation of a precipitate, or production of a new substance.
Name the three main types of rocks.
Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.
Name three ways that thermal energy can be transferred.
Conduction, convection and radiation.
What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?
A physical change does not produce a new substance; a chemical change produces new substances with different properties.
What process breaks rocks down at Earth's surface?
Weathering breaks rocks down at Earth's surface.
Explain the difference between conduction, convection and radiation.
Conduction transfers thermal energy through direct contact; convection transfers thermal energy through the movement of fluids; radiation transfers energy through electromagnetic waves.
Why can't the products of a chemical reaction usually be easily changed back into the original substances?
Chemical reactions produce new substances, so the original substances have been chemically changed.
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Sediments are deposited, compacted and cemented together over time to form sedimentary rock.
A metal spoon is placed in a cup of hot water. Explain how thermal energy travels from water to the spoon.
Thermal energy transfers from the hotter water to the cooler spoon through direct contact. This is conduction.
A substance reacts with another substance and produces a gas, a colour change and a new solid. What evidence suggests a chemical change has occurred?
The production of gas, colour change and formation of a new solid are evidence that new substances have formed, indicating a chemical reaction.
Explain how the movement of tectonic plates can cause geological changes.
Movement of tectonic plates can cause earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain formation and changes to Earth's surface.