Pre-Islamic Arabia
This essential element of pre-Islamic Arabian robal society is the concept of group responsibility
What is asabiyya?
This person was responsible for compiling the Quran at the request of Umar
Who is Abu Bakr?
What is Sunna of the Ancestors?
This person ensured Muhammad was accepted by the Quraysh in Mecca after he began receiving revelations
Who is Abu Talib?
Abu Bakr named this person as his successor to the Caliphate
Who is Umar?
This person was a pre-Islamic religious figure who was believed to have the ability to foretell the future and receive trances
What is a kahin?
This person brought the first revelation to Muhammad in 610
Who is Jibril (Gabriel)?
This is the process of documenting the chain of transmitters of a particular hadith to prevent fraudulent hadiths
What is Isnad?
This person disguised himself as Muhammad, allowing Muhammad to make the hijra from Mecca to Medina
Who is Ali?
This Caliph is responsible for the beginning of the first Fitna
Who is Uthman?
This term describes people who were monotheists in pre-Islamic Arabia
Who are hanifs?
This phrase meaning "Mother of the Book" refers to the original scriptures sent down by the prophets of God
What is Umm al-Kitab?
This group of scholars belief that the hadith is unreliable as it is transmitted by humans and so the Quran is paramount in legal decisions
Who are ahl al-Kalam or ahl al-Quran?
This battle was considered furqan showing the prestige and righteousness of the Muslims
What is the Battle of Badr?
This Caliph established the Muslim calendar as beginning with the hijra
Who is Umar?
This quality is the opposite of jahl and was valued both in pre-Islamic and Islamic belief
What is hilm? (patience, self-control)
What is i'jaz?
This type of Hadith, important in Sufi Islam, is the private communication between God and Muhammad
What is Hadith Qudsi?
The Battle of Uhud lead to the expulsion of the al-Nadhir Jewish tribe to this place
What is the Kheybar Oasis?
This person opposed Ali's proposal of free migration across the Muslim Empire
Who is Muawiya?
The belief in no life or judgement after death and no resurrection describes what term in pre-Islamic Arabia
What is Dahr or Fatalism?
This person divided the Meccan suras into 3 periods: early, middle, and late
Who is Theodor Noldeke?
This person believed the Quran was the word of God verbatim and the sunna of Muhammad was the word of God expressed through other means.
Who is al-Shafi'i?
This was the pledge made in 621 by the Aws and Khazraj to follow Muhammad and Islam, but not defend them militarily
What is the Bayt al-Nisa?
These people left Ali's army at the Battle of Siffin
Who are the Kharijites (Khawaraj)?