Different Levels of Prevention
Preventing a disease or disorder before it happens.
What is primary prevention?
It rises from a specific source.
What is a common-source epidemic?
A person in a population who has been identified as having a particular disease, disorder, injury or condition.
What is a case?
It contains, spreads, or harbors an infectious organism.
What is a carrier?
Occurs when an agent is transferred or carried by some intermediate item, resulting in disease.
What is indirect transmission?
Behavior change in the individual such as quitting smoking, dieting, wearing a mask...
What is active primary prevention?
The occurrence of cases of an illness, specific health-related behavior, or other health-related events clearly in excess of normal expectancy in a community or region.
What is an epidemic?
The first disease case brought to the attention of the epidemiologist.
What is an index case?
The habitat (living or nonliving) in or on which an infectious agent lives, grows, and multiplies.
What is a reservoir?
The uninterrupted and immediate transfer of an infectious agent from one person to another.
What is direct transmission?
It is aimed at the health screening and detection activities used to identify disease.
What is secondary prevention?
Refers to the ongoing, usual or constant presence of a disease in a community or among a group of people.
What is an endemic?
In an epidemic, the first disease case in the population.
What is a primary case?
A nonliving intermediary such as clothing, food, or water that conveys the infectious agent from its reservoir to a susceptible host.
What is a vehicle?
It involves an inanimate object that conveys an infectious agent to a host.
What is a vehicle-borne transmission?
Consists of limiting any disability by providing rehabilitation when a disease has already occurred and caused damage.
What is tertiary prevention?
An epidemic that affects or attacks the population of an extensive region, country, or continent.
What is a pandemic?
A person who becomes infected and ill after a disease has been introduced into a population and who is infected as a result of contact with the primary case.
What is a secondary case?
An individual who has been exposed to and harbors a disease-causing organism and who has done so for some time, even though the person may have recovered from the disease.
What is an active carrier?
It occurs when an arthropod (flea, lice...) conveys the infectious agent.
What is vector-borne transmission?
Any attempt to restore an afflicted person to a useful, productive lifestyle.
What is rehabilitation?
It occurs when victims of a common-source epidemic have person-to-person contact with others and spread the disease, resulting in a propagated outbreak.
What is a mixed epidemic?
An individual (or a group of individuals) who has all the signs and symptoms of a disease or condition but has not been diagnosed as having the disease or has the cause of the symptoms connected to a suspected pathogen.
What is a suspect case?
An individual who harbors a pathogen and who, although in the recovery phase of the course of the disease, is still infectious.
What is a convalescent carrier?
When the pathogen undergoes changes as part of its life cycle while within the host and before being transmitted to the new host.
What is biological transmission?