Epidemiology Terms
A field of science that that studies health problems within populations
What is Epidemiology?
What is a Case Definition?
The route or method of transfer by which the infectious microorganisms moves or is carried from one place to another
What are Modes of Transmission?
To prevent disease or injury before it ever occurs
What is Primary Prevention?
Assesses whether an intervention does more good than harm when provided under usual circumstances of healthcare practice
What is Effectiveness?
(of a disease) prevalent over a whole country or the world
What is a Pandemic?
A person who gets a disease from exposure and is the first in the population
What is a Primary Case?
An infectious agent is transferred from a reservoir to a susceptible host by direct contact or droplet spread
What is Direct Transmission?
Trying to detect a disease early and prevent it from getting worse
What is Secondary Prevention?
Is one in which a group of persons is all exposed to an infectious agent or a toxin from the same source.
What is Common-Source?
(of a disease or condition) regularly found among particular people or in a certain area.
What is an Endemic?
individuals who contracted a disease through exposure to a primary case, rather than the outbreak source itself
What is a Secondary Case?
When infectious agents are carried by dust suspended in the air
What is Airborne Transmission?
Aims to soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects
What is Tertiary Prevention?
What is Fomite?
The ability to produce a desired or intended result
What is Efficacy?
the first documented patient in a disease epidemic within a population
What is an Index Case?
When the vector uptakes the agent, usually through a blood meal from an infected animal, replicates and/or develops it, and then regurgitates the pathogen onto or injects it into a susceptible animal.
What is Biological Transmission?
prevent disease or disorder from occurring but doesn't require action from an individual
What is Passive Primary Prevention?
An organism, typically a biting insect or tick, that transmits a disease or parasite from one animal or plant to another
What is a Vector?
Shows characteristics of both common and propagated epidemics
What is a Mixed Epidemic?
A case that is classified as suspected for reporting purposes
What is a Suspect Case?
The simple transfer of agents from one infected host or a contaminated substrate to a susceptible host occurs.
What is Mechanical Transmission?
Behavior change of individual to prevent disease or disorder
What is Active Prevention?
An infectious agent in a habitat in which the agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies
What is a Reservoir?