Levels of Prevention
Preventing a disease or disorder before it occurs
What is primary preventions?
Uninterrupted transfer of an infectious agent from one individual to another
What is direct transmission?
The consistent presence of a disease in a community
What is an endemic?
A person in a community who has been identified to be infected with a disease or condition
What is a case?
The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related events to prevent and control spread in human populations
What is epidemiology?
A component of primary prevention that involves behavior change
What is active primary prevention?
When droplets or other particles carry a pathogen to a host
What is airborne transmission?
An occurrence of a disease that is noticeably higher that normal expectancy within a community
What is an epidemic?
The first disease case in a community
What is a primary case?
An individual who contains, spreads, or holds an infectious disease/compound
What is a carrier?
A component of primary prevention that does not involve behavior change
What is passive primary prevention?
Occurs when an inanimate object conveys an infectious agent to a host
What is vehicle-borne transmission?
An epidemic that arises from a specific source
What is a common-source epidemic?
Occurs when a person become ill with a disease by being exposed to the primary case
What is a secondary case?
The connected steps that describe the spread of a disease around a community
What is a chain of infection?
Screening and detection to identify a disease in its earliest stages
What is secondary prevention?
Occurs when a pathogen undergoes a transformation while within a host before being transmitted to a new host
What is biological transmission?
An epidemic that has spread through several cities or countries and impacts a large number of people
What is a pandemic?
The first case brought to the attention of an epidemiologist
What is an index case?
Finding associations, testing hypotheses, and identifying the causes of a health-related event
What is analytic epidemiology?
Slowing the negative impacts a disease causes through rehabilitation and other medical care
What is tertiary prevention?
Occurs when an arthropod conveys an infectious agent
What is vector-borne transmission?
An epidemic where transmissions occur between an infected individual to an uninfected individual
What is a propagated epidemic?
An individual who has all the symptoms of a disease, but has not been diagnosed or been related to the cause of disease
What is a suspect case?
The characterization of the distribution of health-related events
What is descriptive epidemiology?