Disease Cases
What is a case?
An individual diagnosed with a health-related state or event.
fomite?
An inanimate object, which harbors an infectious agent and is capable of transmission.
airborne transmission?
Droplets or dust particles carry the pathogen to the host and cause infection.
active carrier?
An individual exposed and harbors a disease, despite recovering from it.
active primary prevention?
behavior change in individual
first disease case in the population
Primary case
vector?
An invertebrate animal that transmits infection by carrying it from one host to another.
vector-borne transmission?
An arthropod carries the infectious agent.
convalescent carrier?
An individual who harbors a pathogen and is still infectious during his/her's recovery.
passive primary prevention?
does not require behavior change on the part of the individual.
Individuals comes in contact with primary case and becomes infected
Secondary case
reservoir?
An infectious agents which survives solely on nature.
vehicle-borne transmission?
An inanimate object that carries an infectious agent to a host.
healthy carrier?
An individual who has been exposed and harbors a pathogen, but does not show any symptoms of the disease.
secondary prevention?
Health screening and detection activities used to identify disease
Is not diagnosed with a disease despite having all symptoms of the disease
Suspect case
zoonosis?
An infectious organism that can be transmitted to humans through direct contact, a fomite, or a vector.
mechanical transmission?
When a pathogen spreads using a host as a ride of nourishment or physical transfer process.
incubatory carrier?
The beginning stages of an infectious person who displays symptoms and can transmit their disease.
tertiary prevention?
Providing rehabilitation after a disability has occurred and caused damage
the first disease case brought to the attention of the epidemiologist.
Index case
vehicle?
A nonliving intermediary that carries the infectious agents to a susceptible host.
biological transmission?
A pathogen undergoes a change with the host/vector, before transmitting to a new host.
intermittent carrier?
An individual who has been exposed and harbors a pathogen and who can spread the disease in different places and at different intervals.
rehabilitation?
Any attempt to restore an afflicted person to a useful, productive, and satisfying lifestyle