Epidemiology Important Definitions pt.1
A field of science that studies health problems within populations.
What is Epidemiology?
A person under investigation that has a disease, health disorder, or condition among a certain population or study group.
What is a case?
A set of standard criteria for classifying whether a person has a disease, health disorder, or condition.
Preventing disease before they even occur. Examples would be vaccinations and the avoidance of risky behaviors.
What is Primary prevention?
Infectious agents are transferred from a reservoir to a susceptible host via direct contact or droplet spread.
What is Direct Transmission?
The measure in which an intervention can have a meaningful effect on patients.
What is Effectiveness?
The extent in which an intervention does more good than harm.
What is efficacy?
A type of outbreak that occurs due to an entire group being exposed to an infectious agent from the same source.
What is a common-source outbreak?
Interventions that don’t require individual action to be effective and are automatically in place.
What is passive primary prevention?
The transfer of an infectious agent via contaminated inanimate objects.
What is indirect transmission
Used to study the association between exposures and outcomes of diseases, as well as the causes and effects.
What is Analytic Epidemiology?
A disease that is a constant presence at a low level in a confined population or area.
What is an endemic?
A type of outbreak that occurs from transmission from person to another.
What is a propagated outbreak?
Goal is to reduce the effects of disease once it has already been established.
What is tertiary prevention?
The transfer of infectious agents via inhalation of infectious aerosols from an infected individual.
What is airborne transmission?
Examines characteristics of person, place, and time when conducting studies on a disease outbreak.
What is Descriptive Epidemiology?
Refers to a sudden increase in cases of a particular disease that is above an expected level within a singular community, population, or region.
What is an epidemic
An epidemic that includes characteristics from both common source and propagated outbreaks.
What is a mixed epidemic?
The goal is to identify disease at early stages through examinations and screenings.
What is Secondary Prevention?
Infections that are transmitted by a bite of infected arthropod species. Examples include mosquitoes, ticks, and blackflies.
What is Vector-borne transmission?
The traditional model for infectious disease that consists of three components: external agent, susceptible host, and an environment.
What is the Epidemiology Triangle?
Refers to a sudden increase in cases of a particular disease that is above an expected level spread over multiple countries and continents, and affects a large number of people.
What is a pandemic?
A pathogen is indirectly transferred from one source to another host through an intermediary object.
What is vehicle-borne transmission?
Goal is to reduce disability and optimize functioning in individuals affected by health conditions.
What is Rehabilitation?
An infectious agent is indirectly transferred from a reservoir/source to another host by inanimate intermediary objects.
What is vehicle-borne transmission?