Disease Criteria
Set of criteria used in making a decision as to whether an individual has a disease or health event of interest
What is a Case?
An individual with no overt disease who harbors infectious organisms.
What is a Carrier?
an infectious agent is transferred from a reservoir to a susceptible host by contact or droplet spread
What is Direct Transmission?
tries to intervene and hopefully put an end to the disease before it fully develops.
What is Secondary Prevention?
a disease that affects a large number of people within a community, population, or region
What is an Epidemic?
The first documented patient in a disease epidemic within a population
What is an Index Case?
Those who have recovered from their illness but remain capable of transmitting to others.
What is a Convalescent Carrier?
infectious agent is transferred with no clear human-to-human contact
What is indirect transmission?
prevent disease or injury before it ever occurs
What is Primary Prevention?
it is a disease that's spread over multiple countries or continents
What is a Pandemic?
Might require laboratory confirmation to confirm the disease or epidemic but not yet confirmed.
What is a Suspect Case?
One who harbors a pathogenic organism for a clinically significant time and is able to pass the infection to others
What is a Active Carrier?
the vector uptakes the agent, usually through a blood meal from an infected animal
What is Biological Transmission?
focuses on people who are already affected by a disease, the goal is to improve quality of life by treating the disease
What is Tertiary Prevention?
in a population when that infection is constantly maintained at a baseline level in a geographic area without external inputs.
What is a Endemic?
A person who gets a disease from exposure to a person with the disease
What is a Secondary Case?
indirectly transmit an infectious agent include food, water, biologic products (blood), and fomites
What is a Vehicle?
Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding anthropods
What is Vector Borne Transmission?
does not require behavior change on the part of the individual in order to prevent a disease or disorder from occurring
What is passive primary prevention?
is one in which a group of persons are all exposed to an infectious agent or a toxin from the same place.
What is a Common Source Epidemic?
organisms or substances such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites capable of producing disease
What is a Pathogen?
individuals who have been exposed to and harbor a pathogen and who can spread the disease at different places or intervals
What is a Intermittent Carrier?
the transfer of pathogens from an infected host or a contaminated substrate to a susceptible host, where a biological association between the pathogen and the vector is not necessary.
What is Mechanical Transmission?
behavior change on the part of the individual that prevents a disease or disorder before it happens
What is Active Primary Change?
when the infection spreads from one person to another, e.g. through the air, via a vector, via contaminated food or water etc.
What is a Propagated Epidemic?