Learning Theories
This theory explains how information moves from sensory memory to working memory to long-term memory.
Information Processing Theory
Practice that involves recalling information without looking at notes.
retrieval practice
The brief memory system that holds sensory information for seconds.
sensory memory
Restating someone else’s ideas in your own words.
paraphrasing
The process of evaluating your own learning and progress.
self-assessments
This theory focuses on how too much information can overwhelm working memory.
Cognitive Load Theory
Studying over time instead of cramming the night before.
spaced practice
Trying to do multiple tasks at the same time
multitasking
Evidence taken directly from a text using the author’s exact words
quote
This type of learner actively uses strategies like retrieval practice, reflection, and feedback to improve over time.
strategic learner
The mental process of getting information into memory.
Encoding
Studying all at once in one long session.
massed practice
Switching back and forth between tasks instead of doing them at once
switch-tasking
Carefully analyzing and evaluating information.
critical thinking
A student sets their own academic goals, chooses what resources to use, decides when to study, and takes full ownership of their learning without needing constant teacher direction.
Self-directed
Memory that stores information briefly while you actively think about it.
Working memory
Using both visuals and words to learn information.
dual coding
Repeating information over and over without deep understanding.
rote learning
A source created during the time period being studied.
primary source
A student monitors their understanding while studying, notices confusion, changes strategies (like switching from rereading to retrieval practice), and reflects after the test on what worked.
Self-regulated
Memory storage that holds information for long periods of time.
Long-term memory
Learning by engaging with the material instead of just listening.
active learning
Knowledge you already have that helps you understand new information.
prior knowledge
A source that analyzes or explains a primary source.
secondary source
forming a logical judgment based on evidence.
Drawing conclusions