UNIT 1 terms
One variable produces another (as opposed to one variable found alongside another)
What is causation (versus correlation)?
Combines parliamentary executive elements with republican presidential system.
What is a semi-presidential system (see notably Russia or France)?
A political ideology that emphasizes free markets, economic liberalization, and reduced gov't intervention in in the economy.
What is neo-liberalism?
The only country among our six that has reached a 50-50 balance in terms of male and female legislators -- and what do we call this?
What is Mexico? What is gender equality?
A financial organization with powerful member states that can provide bridging loans to national banks in order to get a country's finances and inflation/devalation under control.
What is the International Monetary Fund? (this may involve giving aid / loans only if the country adopts austerity plans that reduce the scope of government assistance programs, such as raising retirement age for government pensions, etc.)
An organization that reports on civil and political rights within many countries in the world (since the 1970s)
What is Freedom House?
A group of senior government officials that, in a parliamentary system, may come from within the PM's party, or sometimes from smaller parties in the case of a coalition government.
What is a cabinet?
The organizations within civil society that deal overtly with social, political, humanitarian, or environmental issues as charitable causes but which may also exercise government lobbying efforts.
What are NGOs?
This country is a consolidated democracy and forms a government through majoritarian principles (the dominate party typically votes as a bloc on policies and therefore can make policy changes relatively easily).
What is the UK?
This policy is socialist and happened in 1952 in Iran, then in Guatemala in 1953, then again in Cuba in 1962 and elsewhere since (e.g. Britain in the 2008-9 financial crisis for several years)
What is the nationalization of a major industry or sector of an economy? (usually angering the foreign investors in the case of Iran, Guatemala, and Cuba -- leading to politically violent interventions).
A statement that says governments should seek to take some measures to redistribute wealth in a society in order to produce some social justice as well as political stability.
What is a normative statement (versus a quantitative or qualitative conclusion)?
Citizens belief that they can influence the political process and government decisions.
What is 'political efficacy'?
Core beliefs and principles held by people regarding how they think government should opeerate.
What are political values (as distinct but obviously overlapping with 'political ideology')?
Claudia Sheinbaum became the leader of MORENA party after A. M. Lopez Obrador (AMLO) ended his six year term as President. His approval of her was an example of this political term.
What is el dedazo? Or a passing of party leadership at the top of the party (and is a practice that was dominant during the dominance of the PRI until 1994).
This IGO formed out of the postwar GATT agreement that tried to get the world's economies jump-started after the war. This group let China into the 'club' in 2000 once it met most of the terms for openness to free trade and investment rules.
What is the WTO (World Trade Organization) headquartered in Washington DC?
Any and all organizations in a society that form and operate largely or entirely without government influence and to which membership is voluntary.
What is civil society?
Charismatic leadership is a type of this.
What is a source of legitimacy for an executive?
Deep divisions in society that are religious, or ethnic, cultural, or even class-based.
What are social cleavages? (that often then express themselves in politics)
Having elections but they are neither free nor fair - voters intimidated and almost no media freedom for the opposition. Having rules appear to be minimal but which discourages actual political participation. These are add up to this term.
What is illiberal democracy, a term invented by Victor Orban to describe his belief that people in his country want strong man leadership and not actual democracy. This system is openly admired by members of the current Trump administration.
The process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries through trade, investment, cultural and political exchange, and even intelligence sharing.
What is globalization?
Judges that make decisions based on legal written procedures and do not bow to political pressures.
What is an independent judiciary?
The highest ranking group within the CCP as well as the government of China.
What is the nine to seven members of the Politburo Standing Committee?
When a part of a country decides to separate politically from another part of the country (think Dec. 1860 to April 1861 in American history).
What is secession? (or a secession movement')
Rebels in the south of Mexico that have won some autonomy from the state arguing that the state was denying them equality and harming them through free trade agreements with the USA and Canada (NAFTA) in the 1990s.
What are the Zapatistas? (Chiapas state)
These are barriers to trade that have recently been adopted by the USA and appear to go against the whole idea of neoliberalism and globalization.
What are tariffs?