Schaffer Structure
This is what you use to support your topic sentence
Concrete details
What is Logos?
The Appeal to Logic
This is the statement that you are making, taking a position on a particular topic.
Claim
Attacking the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself, when the attack on the person is completely irrelevant to the argument the person is making.
Ad Hominem
This is what connects your concrete details to your topic sentence
Commentary Sentences
What is a theme?
You will give these in order to support your claim- this works together with your claim.
Reasons
When the arguer goes off on a tangent, raising a side issue that distracts the audience from what's really at stake. Often, the arguer never returns to the original issue.
Red Herring
What is last sentence of a Schaffer paragraph called
Concluding Sentence
What is the appeal to emotions?
Pathos
Facts, expert opinion, statistics, case studies, research, scientific outcomes, data, personal experience, observations, etc. → all used to support a claim.
Evidence
The assumption that the opinion of the majority is always valid: that is, everyone believes it, so you should too.
Bandwagon Appeal
This is the purpose of your paragraph
Topic Sentence
What is the appeal to the creditability of the speaker?
Ethos
Another position on the issue; a different position or perspective on the claim you are trying to prove
Counterargument/ Counterclaim
When the arguer makes assumptions or generalizes based on limited observation or experience.
Hasty Generalization
This is commonly used to teach Schaffer Structure
Hamburger
What is the triangle composed of ethos, logos, and pathos called?
The Rhetorical Triangle
The logical connection between the evidence and the claim.
Warrant
The arguer claims that a chain reaction, usually ending in some dire consequence, will take place, but there's really not enough evidence for that assumption.
Slippery Slope