1
is the set of observable properties of an organism
what is a phenotype
is a nutritional mutant that does not grow on minimal medium
what is a auxotroph
where is the template strand (bottom or top)
what is the bottom
leads to a change in the reading frame (caused by insertion or deletion) generated by DNA looping out during replication
what is a frameshift mutation
is a minor chromosome often dispensable to the life of a bacterial cell
what is a plasmid
proved DNA was the transformation factor (not many believed him), did this through showing when DNAse is used transformation doesn't occur
avery
is attached to the beginning of mRNA to help protect the DNA from exonuclease, which could consume and harm DNA. (protects actual coding sequence)
what is 5' cap
one aa is changed to a different one (can happen from transition or transversion)
may/may not affect phenotype
what is a missense mutation
You have identified a new unicellular organism with multiple chromosomes organized by proteins within a cell's nucleus. It's classification is
what is eukaryote
In a typical nuclear genome, which of the following statements is correct?
some anticodons can pair with more than one codon
for every amino acid, there is only one possible codon encoding it
A codon often signifies more than one amino acid
some anticodons can pair with more than one codon
a tRNA with an amino acid attached to it
what is a charged tRNA
one aa is replaced with one of the stop codons (can happen from transition or transversion)
leads to shorter polypeptide chain
what is a nonsense mutation
A phosphodiester bond is formed when the phosphate group on the ____ Carbon of one nucleotide is attached to the ____ Carbon of another nucleotide
Inosine (I) is a major player for
wobble pairing
elongation proceeds towards (right or left)
what is the RIGHT (left to right like reading)
makes it easier for binding in different environments and situations
what is multiple sigma factors
Mature mRNAs in eukaryotes contain which of these..
Protein-coding sequence
5' UTR
3' UTR
all of the above
what is all of the above
catalyzes tRNA charging
RNA poly
poly (A) polymerase
ribosome
release factors
none of the above
what is none of the above
allows RNA poly to bind to the state site
RNA polymerase holoenzyme
blanks terminators has a hairpin looping and unstaple instructions causing termination
what is Rho-independent genes