Chapter 1:
Nutrition Basics
Nutrition Basics
The three nutrients that provide energy to the body
What are carbs, fat, & protein
Type of website ending that is usually the most reliable for nutrition info
What is .gov, .edu, or .org (especially from health organizations)
The AMDR recommends that this macronutrient provide 45–65% of your daily calories.
What are carbohydrates?
With a pH of about 1.5–3.5, this organ is one of the most acidic in the human body.
What is the stomach?
This program provides nutrition support for low-income pregnant women, new mothers, and young children.
What is WIC (Women, Infants, and Children)?
Food is measured in this unit
What are Kilocalories (Calories)
Looks back at past behaviors/exposures to study disease outcomes
What is a retrospective study
This acronym stands for the nutrient intake level that meets the needs of nearly all healthy individuals in a group.
What is RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance)?
This semi-liquid mixture of partially digested food and gastric juices forms in the stomach during digestion.
What is chyme?
This term describes how much of a nutrient from food or supplements is absorbed and used by the body.
What is bioavailability?
Almonds, salmon, and avocado are all examples of foods that fit this category, since they are high in calories but also rich in vitamins, minerals, and healthy fats.
What are energy-dense and nutrient-dense foods?
Examines patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease in populations
What is an epidemiological study
This is the maximum daily intake of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause harm in most healthy people.
What is the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)?
These muscular valves control the movement of food through the GI tract and prevent backflow.
What are sphincters?
Calories from soda, candy, chips, or alcohol are called this because they provide energy but few or no nutrients.
What are empty calories?
A nutrient the body cannot make (or cannot make enough of) and must get from food
What is an essential nutrient?
These types of nutrition claims—such as “quick fix,” “miracle cure,” or “scientifically tested and clinically proven”—are warning signs that a product may not be trustworthy.
What are red-flag nutrition claims?
This intake level meets the needs of 50% of a population group and is often used to help set the RDA.
What is the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)?
The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum are the three sections of this organ where digestion and nutrient absorption occur.
What is the small intestine?
Adults are advised to consume ideally 1,500 mg/day but no more than 2,300 mg/day of this mineral.
What is sodium?
Diet-related conditions that are the leading causes of death in the U.S. (four of them)
Heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, certain cancers
This type of research follows participants forward over time to see how exposures, like diet or exercise, affect future health outcomes.
What is a prospective study?
This USDA tool is considered ideal for families because it is simple, visual, flexible, and promotes balanced meals across all ages.
What is MyPlate?
These two movements in the digestive tract include one that mixes food back and forth and another that propels it forward in waves.
What are segmentation and peristalsis?
These vessels carry blood away from the heart (usually oxygen-rich), while these vessels return blood to the heart (usually oxygen-poor).
What are arteries and veins?