Test 1 8th Grade Part 1

Multiple Choice and fill in the blank

100

• What type of soil allows the most rain to run off?

Clayey soil

200

What type of bacteria returns nitrogen to the atmosphere by converting nitrogen from Nitrates into atmospheric nitrogen?

Denitrifying bacteria

300

• What factor is changed when testing a hypothesis?

Independent Variable

400

• What term describes the ability of bedrock to inhibit water from easily passing through?

Impermeable

500

• Why can a scientific idea never be proven beyond all doubt?

Groups may have differences beyond the factors under study.

600

• What type of soil allows the most air and water into itself?

Sandy Soil

Multiple Choice and fill in the blank

100

• Which primary plant food element is essential for cell division growth and plant maturation?

Phosphorus

200

• What term describes the following sentence: “If a vehicle is an airplane, then it has wings”?

Hypothetical Proposition

300

• Which component of the scientific method involves gathering data in an orderly way?

Observing

400

• What is a model of a design that will be used for testing?

Prototype

500

• What is the basic compound of nitrogen and hydrogen that enters the soil through the action of certain bacteria and the decay of plants and animals?

Ammonia

600

• Which of the following is part of potassiumm’s primary function for plants?

Promoting General Health

Multiple Choice and fill in the blank

100

• If an if/then statement, what is the “then” part called?

Consequent

200

• Which of the following affects soil color?

Amount of organic material

300

• What is the surface of the water under the ground?

Water table

400

• What do logicians call a statement of fact that can be used to make a conclusion?

Proposition

500

• What is the general term for water below the soil’s surface?

Groundwater

600

• In the engineering design process, what step comes after researching and developing possible solutions to the problem? 

Choosing a design and making a detailed plan

Multiple Choice and fill in the blank

100

What is the substance of the physical world?

Matter

200

• What are the minimum characteristics that a design must have to function at all?

Criteria

300

• When Grace sneezed the power went out. To say based on this evidence, that grace’s sneeze caused the power to malfunction is logic error called the _______ Fallacy.

Post Hoc

400

What soil layer contains more mineral material and less organic material

Subsoil

500

• What soil material has the smallest and most tightly packed particles?

Clay

600

• Chemists express the degree of acidity or basicity of a substance using the ________ which has values from 0 to 14.

Ph Scale

Multiple Choice and fill in the blank

100

In what type of soil do plants grow best?

Neutral or slightly acidic

200

• The three basic soil substances that plants need to live are called the _____________________.

Primary plant food elements.

300

• What is the top 5 to 15 cm of soil called?

Topsoil

400

What is the process of speculating about objects or events of nature and formulating a sensible explanation?

Hypothesizing

500

• What is a layer of either porous rock or gravel soil mixture that holds water?

Aquifer

600

• What is the study of matter?

Science

Multiple Choice and fill in the blank

100

• What is the ultimate purpose of inductive reasoning? 

To determine cause and effect

200

• Which of the following is a reason that logic is needed in science?

Analyzing experimental results Requires reasoning

300

• What is the term for the factors that remain the same throughout an experiment?

Controlled Variables

400

A way of explaining an object or event by using a set of facts determined through experiments is a

Theory.

500

• The use of science to solve practical problems is called ______

 Technology.

600

• Hypotheses are made using ______ reasoning.

Deductive