Multicellular Animals
which type of cells support neurons?
glial cells
What is homeostasis?
The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.
What is an endotherm?
animals that generate their own heat through metabolic processes.
What is endocrine signaling?
This type of signaling involves hormones traveling through the bloodstream to distant target cells.
Posterior pituitary releases hormones derived from which tissue?
neural tissue
which tissue type functions to protect, secrete, and absorb?
epithelial tissue
What is the endocrine system?
The main organ system responsible for maintaining homeostasis through hormone secretion.
Endotherms use what feedback system to regulate body temperature?
negative
What is paracrine signaling?
This type of signaling involves cells releasing signals that act on nearby cells.
Anterior pituitary releases hormones derived from which tissue?
epithelial
Cell specialization is required to what?
perform specific functions and maintain internal environment as complexity increases
What is a receptor (or sensor)?
The component of a homeostatic system that detects a change in the environment.
Name one physiological or behavioral adaptation ectotherms use to regulate body temperature.
basking in the sun
What is autocrine signaling?
This type of cell communication occurs when a cell releases a signal that affects itself.
Name one hormone that the hypothalamus releases to regulate the anterior pituitary.
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
What are some examples of connective tissue?
bones, blood cells, ligaments/tendons, adipose tissue
The type of feedback loop that reverses a change in a controlled condition.
negative feedback
What is the hypothalamus?
This structure in the brain acts as the body's thermostat, regulating temperature homeostasis.
Which system generates complex rapid responses?
Nervous system
Which anterior pituitary hormone regulates growth and development?
growth hormone (GH)
what contractile proteins do muscle tissues have?
actin and myosin
Give an example of positive feedback and explain how it works.
The pressure on the cervix sends nerve signals to the hypothalamus, which then signals the posterior pituitary gland to release oxytocin.
Which produces more heat, endotherms or ectotherms, and why?
Endotherms because cell membranes are more leaky to ions (less energy efficient)
Epinephrine and dopamine are examples of which hormone chemical group?
Amine
What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
regulates water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys