Chapter 1
What is a cell
basic unit of life, all living things are made up of cells
This subatomic particle has a positive charge.
proton
The substance that dissolves another substance in a solution is called this.
solvent
A molecule contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms. Based on its composition, it belongs to this class of organic molecules.
hydrocarbons
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids belong to this broad group
macromolecules
what is the main difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell?
eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles and a nucleus
An atom has 11 protons and 10 electrons. This atom has this charge.
+1
Water molecules sticking to other water molecules demonstrate this property.
cohesion
Two molecules have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of their atoms. What are these molecules called?
isomers
A carbohydrate polymer consisting of many sugar units
polysaccharides
What are the properties of life?
order, energy processing, evolutionary adaption, growth/development, response to environment, regulation, & reproduction
Two atoms share electrons, but one atom attracts the shared electrons more stronglybecause it has greater electronegativity. This type of bond results.
polar covalent bond
A molecule has regions that interact favorably with water because they have charges or partial charges. It would be described using this term.
hydrophilic
A cell suddenly needs energy to power active transport across its plasma membrane. Which molecule is most directly involved in providing that immediately usable energy?
ATP
The polysaccharide found in arthropod exoskeletons and fungal cell walls
chitin
A population of insects becomes increasingly resistant to a pesticide over manygenerations because resistant individuals survive and reproduce more successfully. This demonstrates the concept of?
evolution by natural selection/adaptation
An atom gains three electrons. It becomes this type of ion and has this charge.
anion with a −3 charge
A substance is added to a solution and prevents its pH from changing significantly when small amounts of acid or base are introduced. What is this substance called?
buffer
A molecule contains an –OH group. This group allows the molecule to form hydrogen bonds with water, increasing its solubility. What functional group is responsible for this property?
hydroxyl group
phospholipid
The release of oxytocin during pregnancy stimulates the brain to make the uterus contract harder and more often. This is an example of what?
Positive feedback
In the reaction A + B ⇌ C + D, the forward and reverse reactions continue occurring but at equal rates. The system has reached this condition.
chemical equilibrium
A scientist heats a sample of water from 25°C to 50°C. A student says, "The water molecules themselves are getting bigger because the temperature increased." What actually changes at the molecular level?
the average kinetic energy of the molecules increases, causingthem to move faster (the individual molecules do not become larger)
Removing the terminal phosphate from ATP produces this molecule
ADP
A molecule contains many glucose monomers connected by β-1,4 linkages. Humanscannot efficiently digest this molecule because they lack the enzyme needed to break these linkages.
cellulose