Outer Ear
Middle Ear
Inner Ear
Properties of Sound/CAS
Random
100

What are the pinna's functions?

collection and deflection

100

Name the ossicles

malleus, incus and stapes

100

Name the three chambers of the cochlea

  • Scala vestibuli
  • Scala media
  • Scala tympani
100
The subjective form of intensity


BONUS (+100): what do we measure intensity in?

loudness

BONUS: dB (decibels)

100

The only organ that is fully grown at birth

cochlea

200

Resonation of the EAM for adults

3000 Hz

200

Boundaries of the ME

tympanic membrane to stapes

200

Name one difference between outer hair cells (OHCs) and inner hair cells (IHCs)

OHCs: 3-5 rows, V-shaped, Stimulated by soft sounds, Damaged first, 12,000-15,000 OHCs, Amplify, 30-60 dB HL loss

IHCs: 1 row, Send sound message to the brain, Losses >60dB HL, 3,000 IHCs, Stimulated by sounds from 40-60 dB SPL



200

The inverse distance law states that if I double my distance, I ______ the intensity. 

half (drops 6 dB)

200

The head shadow affect creates _____. 

localization

300

The proper name for earwax

cerumen

300

Name the 2 muscles that are in the ME 

BONUS (+100 each): name the action to each muscle

tensor tympani: fixes malleus (and TM) in response to tactile stimulation of the face

stapedius muscle: fixes stapes in response to loud sounds

300

Fill in the blank: The base of the cochlea is sensitive to ______ and the apex is sensitive to_______.

high frequencies; low frequencies 

300

Which pathway takes longer for us to hear? Right ear to left hemisphere or Left ear to right hemisphere?

Left ear to right hemisphere (corpus callosum to left hemisphere to be processed for language). 


300

What is the difference between congenital and acquired hearing loss?

congenital: Present at birth

acquired: Develops after birth

400

Boundaries of the OE

Pinna to the tympanic membrane (TM)

400

How is the Eustachian tube in children different than adults?

Shorter and wider (crumpled) and more horizontal than adults; fluid is not drained as well and so children  get more ear infections than adults 

400

What information do the semicircular canals provide?

BONUS (+200): What are the other 2 parts of the vestibular system? 

Motion sensors of the head which helps with balance

BONUS: touch (proprioceptive) and sight (visual)

400

Define Afferent  and Efferent 



ear to brain/ brain to ear

400

In a sound wave, compression is _______ pressure and rarefaction is ______ pressure. 

high, low

500

3 protective features of the OE

epithelial migration, cerumen, and hair follicles

500
How does the ME overcome transmission mismatch?
  • Size differential between the tympanic membrane and the oval window
  • Size differential from malleus to the incus to the stapes (malleus to stapes)
  • Leverage of the ossicles; 12 dB increase
500

List the steps of encoding sound in the cochlea

  • Stapes pushes on the oval window
  • Fluid moves in waves through the scala vestibuli and scala tympani
  • The fluid inside the scala media moves in response to the movement of the scala vestibuli and scala tympani; the fluid movement in the scala media causes the organ of corti and basilar membrane to move
  • Due to the movement of the organ of corti (contains in OHCs and IHCs), the OHCs fire and amplify the signal for the IHCs
  • IHCs encode the frequency information and send it to the auditory nerve
500

Intensity is represented as what on a waveform?

Amplitude

500

Name 3 things audiologists can do. 

Fitting hearing aids, Provide therapy, Program cochlear implants; mapping cochlear implants, Test hearing, Assess dangerous decibel levels for public safety, Teach, Participate in research, Assess spinal nerves, Test balance function, Represent hearing aid (HA) and cochlear implant (CI) manufactures

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