Organizing Principles
The approach to psychology that emphasizes role of environmental forces in producing observable behavior
What is behaviorism?
Counfound
What is something that affects the DV and may unintentionally vary between experimental conditions?
White matter
What is the type of matter composed of axons and myelin sheaths?
Acquisition
What is the formation of association between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli?
The availability heuristic
What is a shortcut when the first thing that comes to mind guides your thinking?
Reactivity
What is the concept that when someone knows they're being observed, they alter their behavior?
Corpus callosum
What is the bridge of axons that connects the left and right hemisphere?
The primary takeaway from the Rescorla-Wagner model and its applications
What is the idea that surprise motivates learning (so prediction error is needed) which explains tolerance and study strategies?
The difference between structuralism and functionalism
What is one approach to psych revolving around idea that conscious experience can be broken down into underlying components vs. approach concerned with adaptive purpose?
Type of sample more biased than a random sample
What is a convenience sample?
Excitatory signals
What are signals that depolarize the membrane, decreasing negative charge, and increasing likelihood neuron will fire?
Spontaneous recovery
What is the process where a previously extinguished CR reemerges after the presentation of CS?
The four organized principles of psychology
What is: the brain is a physical system, that's generated by natural selection, composed of functionally specialized mechanisms, where consciousness is just the tip of the iceberg?
Difference between reliability and validity
What is the extent the measure is stable and consistent over repeated uses vs. the extent the variable measures the concept it aims to?
Frontal lobe's cortexes and functions
What is the primary motor cortex (movement) and the prefrontal cortex (directing and maintaining attention)?
Blocking effect
What is the concept that there is no reason to learn a second stimuli if the first stimuli continues to predict the response?
The Gestalt theory
What is the idea that the whole personal experience is different from the sum of its constituent elements?
Difference between convergent and divergent validity
What is the concept that the measure should be positively correlated with other measures of same variable vs. that the measure shouldn't be correlated with measures of other variables?
All the parts of the nervous system and their functions
What are the central (brain and spinal cord), peripheral (all other nerve cells), somatic (sensory signal transmission), autonomic (internal environment regulation), sympathetic (prep for action), and parasympathetic (return to resting state) nervous systems?
The three main types of learning
What are nonassociative (responding after repeated exposure to single stimulus), associative (linking 2 stimuli that occur together), and observational (acquiring/changing behavior after exposure to individual performing that behavior) learning?