Experiments
True or False - Scientists wanted to know if its was DNA or proteins that carried the genetic information.
True
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic Acid
Where is DNA located within the cell?
Nucleus
Which strand is replicated continuously? Leading or lagging?
Leading Strand
Who was the first scientist to discover that DNA carried the genetic information?
A. Fredrick Griffith
B. Oswald Avery
C. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
A. Fredrick Griffith
What four nitrogen bases make up DNA?
A, G, C, and T
What four nitrogen bases make up RNA?
A, G, C, and U
A DNA molecule is described as anti-parallel. What does this mean?
Two strands that run in opposite directions, but never intersect.
5' --> 3'
3' <-- 5'
What is the role of DNA ligase?
"the gluer"; attaches Okazaki fragments and helps to build the lagging strand
Griffith used two type of strains during his experiment. List each.
smooth strain (S)
rough strain (R)
What is being defined?
subunits of nucleic acids that consist of a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base
nucleotide
True or False - RNA is a single stranded structure and has deoxyribose as its sugar.
False - sugar = ribose
Define semi-conservative replication.
parental strand/old strand serves as a template for the building of a new strand
DNA molecule is 1/2 old and 1/2 new
List the three steps of DNA replication in order from start to finish
1. unwind
2. base pair
3. join
Which scientist worked with bacteriophages?
A. Fredrick Griffith
B. Oswald Avery
C. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
C. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
Describe the overall structure of DNA, as well as, mention which scientists discovered this structure through what method.
Double Helix, Twisted Ladder, Spiral Staircase
Watson and Crick (Wilkins)
x-ray diffraction
How do the bases pair up in RNA?
A - U
G - C
What is role of DNA polymerase?
"the builder"; adds on appropriate nitrogen bases helping to build the new strand
RNA primase is known as the "initializer". Why?
Adds on a RNA primer, signaling DNA polymerase to begin adding on nitrogen bases
Which scientist isolated different macromolecules (DNA, lipids, proteins) from killed S cells?
A. Fredrick Griffith
B. Oswald Avery
C. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
What allowed the macromolecules to be isolated?
B. Oswald Avery
Enzymes
Purines always pair with pyrimidines. What are purines and what are pyrimidines? Also, classify the four nitrogen bases as either a purine or a pyrimidine, as well as, mention how the bases pair up with one another.
Purines are double ringed structures, while pyrimidines are single ringed structures.
A and G = purines
T and C = pyrimidines
A - T ; G - C
Transcribe the following DNA strand into RNA...
AATGCGTATGCCA
UUACGCAUACGGU
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells conduct DNA replication, but in different ways. List two differences.
eukaryotic: replicate multiple origins at on time, long in length, straight in shape
prokaryotic: replicate one origin at a time, short in length, circular in shape
unwinds or unzips the DNA molecule
begins at the replication fork