amino acids
describe the process of bond formation between 2 amino acids
hydrolysis reaction creates a covalent bond known as a peptide bond
T/F: most proteins function is unknown.
true
enzymes speed up reaction rates how?
by lowering activation energy
the first law of thermodynamics describes what? state the law.
energy cannot be created or destroyed, enthalpy
what are the measurements of the left handed helix?
d=3.3, pitch=9.8 A, looser than left-handed
_____ is a post-translationally modified amino acid where glutamic acid residues undergo carboxylation. Often found in blood clotting factor X.
carboxyglutamic acid
explain the difference between conformation and configuration and give examples of each.
configuration breaks bonds, L or D
conformation does not break bonds, rotation
T/F: kinetics can prove a reaction mechanism.
false
-H and +S is ______ reaction?
spontaneous
what does the tobacco mosiac virus look like and why?
3000 A long, 180 A in diameter, It forms a polymer around a single strand of RNA
explain why the number of possible triplets in the genetic code is equal to 64 but there are only 20 amino acids.
redundancy
structural method NMR characterizes proteins using protein from ______
liquid or solution
Km is a constant that estimates what?
The affinity for the substrate to the enzyme and how fast it will dissociate
most energy coupling in cells is mediated by what
ATP
for a reaction to be spontaneous, what must happen?
negative delta G, -enthalpy, +entropy
describe the acid base properties of lysine.
COOH pka: 2.2, Amide pKa: 9.0, R group pka: 10.5
which protein can be described as a "coiled coil" and which a "triple helix"
keratin, collagen
how does the lineweaver burke plot change for pure noncompetitive inhibition?
km stays the same, vmax decreases
For us humans, how many times must one ATP be recycled per 24 hours?
1300
what is the michaelis-menten equation?
v=vmax[s]/(km+[s])
You perform NMR on a sample that you believe contains abundantly high concentrations of glutamate. NMR results show absorbance at 200nm, 350nm and 405 nm. Do these results confirm your hypothesis or are they unexpected results? Why/why not.
no, amino acids are present at 280 and DNA is present at 260
what drives the rotation of the motor in E. coli flagella?
protons
describe ordered, single displacement reaction.
ex. AEB converted to PEQ, one element replaces another
explain the differences between isolated, open and closed system.
isolated-nothing passes
closed-energy passes
open- energy and matter passes
why is hanes-woolfe better than lineweaver-burke?
Because Hanes-Woolf has smaller and more consistent errors across the plot