Hardy-Weinberg
The population phenomenon that exists when there is no natural selection, infinite population size, no mutation, random mating, and no gene flow
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Different forms of the same gene
Alleles
This is the part of the body or cells that gets heritable mutations
gametes/gonads
The building blocks of DNA
Nucleotides
A change in a single base pair
point mutation/ missense
The p and q in the HW equation stand in for these.
Alleles
How often an allele occurs in a population
allele frequency
Are mutations more likely to be positive, negative, or neutral with respect to fitness
neutral
The shape of DNA
Double stranded helix
A deletion of a base pair(s) that causes a change in the DNA's reading frame and a new protein
Frameshift/nonsense mutation
p^2, q^2, and 2pq in the HW equation stand in for these
Genotypic frequency
When one gene affects multiple phenotypes
Pleitropy
Mutations are most likely to occur during
DNA replication, meiosis
The process of making mRNA
transcription
A mutation that makes a new copy of a genes or chromosome
duplication
The HW idea works as a ______ hypothesis when studying population evolution
null
When genes transfer between populations
gene flow
Random mutation
The process of making proteins from mRNA
translation
Mutations in these parts of the genome may not change what proteins are being made, but may change the amount of protein made or the timing of when proteins are made
Regulatory regions
If i have a population with 100 individuals and 23 are homozygous recessive and 12 are heterozygous, what is the Allele frequency of the recessive allele.
52/200, 26%
A trait that is affected by multiple genes and potentially the environment
quantitative
A single base pair difference in DNA between individuals or populations
SNP, point mutation
The molecules that translate mRNA into protein
tRNA
A mutation that results in a duplicated structure or a rearrangement of the body plan
homeotic mutation