Structure
A compound composed
of C, H, and O with a
glycerol backbone and 3
fatty acids attached is
known as a
____________
Triglyceride
HCL in the stomach
converts pepsinogen into its
active form known as
________________
Pepsin
What is the main function
of carbohydrates?
Provide our bodies with
energy
Name 3 functions of proteins in the body
Growth and Maintenance
Enzymes
Hormones
Fluid Balance
Acid Base Balance
Transportation
Antibodies
Energy (as a lest resort)
List 3 functions of
lipids in the body
Insulate against extreme temperatures
Protect organs from shock
Form cell membranes
Energy
A compound composed of
carbon and water with a 1:1
ratio is known as a
_______________
Carbohydrate
What hormone is
responsible for signaling
the gall bladder to produce
bile when fat is present?
Cholesystokinin (CCK)
What is the name of the
controversial method used
to classify foods according
to their potential for
raising blood glucose?
Glycemic Index
2 or more incomplete proteins paired together to form a complete protein is known as a
_____________________
_____________________
Complementary Protein
The chemical process of
adding hydrogens to
unsaturated fats to reduce
the number of double
bonds is known as
___________________
Hydrogenation
Amino Acids are compounds
made of which 4 elements?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen,
and Nitrogen
Name the 3 enzymes
present on the outer
membrane of the intestinal
walls that break down
specific disaccharides
Maltase: Maltose→ Glucose &
Glucose
Lactase: Lacotse → Glucose &
Galactose
Sucrase: Sucrose→ Glucose &
Fructose
Which type of dietary fiber is
responsible for lowering blood
cholesterol levels?
What types of food contain
this fiber?
Soluble Fiber
Oats, Barley, Legumes,
Skins of Fruits/Vegetables
The change in a protein’s shape
resulting in its loss of function due
to heat, acids, agitation, etc. is
known as
_________________________
Denaturation
Which type of fat is the
MOST unstable?
Polyunsaturated Fat
What type of reaction links 2
monosaccharides together to
form a disaccharide and water
Condensation Reaction
What organ is responsible for
converting fructose and
galactose into glucose after
digestion?
The Liver
Mannitol, Sorbitol, and
Xylitol are examples of
what type of sugar
replacers?
Sugar Alcohols
Protein that contains all essential amino acids is known as a
____________________
Which lipoprotein is
responsible for carrying
cholesterol from the cells
back to the liver for recycling
or disposal?
High Density
Lipoprotein (HDL)
What type of bond connects
amino acids to one another?
Peptide Bond
Bacteria in the GI tract
ferment fiber producing
water, gas, and short chain
fatty acids. How many
calories do fiber contribute
per gram?
2 calories per gram
How do the hormones
insulin and glucagon
work together to
regulate blood glucose
levels
1. When a person eats blood glucose rises
2. High blood glucose stimulates the pancreas to release insulin
3. Insulin stimulates the uptake of glucose into cells and storage as glycogen in the liver and muscles. Insulin also stimulates the conversion of excess glucose into fat storage
4. As the body's cell use glucose, blood levels decline
5. Low blood glucose stimulates the pancreas to release glucagon into the bloodstream
6. Glucagon stimulates liver cells to break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood
7. Blood glucose begins to rise*Epinephrine (stress hormone) and other hormones also bring glucose out of storage
Calculate the protein
needs for a 31 year old
female who weighs 170
pounds
170 lbs./2.2 = 77. kg
77 kg (0.8 g protein/kg BW)= 62g
Given the following
information, calculate the
grams of fats that should
be consumed
2200 calories
25% calories from fat
2200 cal (.25) = 550
550 cal (1g/9 cal)= 61 g