Definitions
Class
A group of things that share a common attribute
Contradiction
Relationship between propositions of opposing quality and quantity. One must be true and the other must be false
Word used to designate a complementary class
Non
Obverse of No Avengers are D.C. Comics characters
All Avengers are non-D.C. Comics characters
When translating a sentence with an action verb add this suffix to the verb then make the noun you create the basis of the P term
"er"
Complementary Class
The group of items outside of a class
Contariety
The relationship between universal propositions of differing quality. Both cannot be true but both may be false.
Obverse is valid for
All propositions
Converse of Some Mandalorians are People
Some People are Mandalorians
Statements about one individual are translated as _________ propositions
Universals
Converse
Replacing the S term with the P term and replacing the P term with the S term
Subcontariety
The relationship between particular propositions of differing quality. Both may be true but both cannot be false.
Contrapositive is valid for
A and O
Contrapositive of All Elves are Dwarf-despisers
All non-Dwarf-despisers are non-Elves.
The three steps for translating a proposition into a categorical proposition
1. Identify quality/quantity
2. Identify verb
3. Identify S term and P term, modifying wording as necessary.
Obverse
A relationship of equivalence that occurs when the quality of the subject of a proposition is changed then the predicate is negated
Subimplication
The relationship between the universal and particular of the same quality. If the universal is true, the particular is true. If the universal is false, the particular is unknown.
Converse is valid for
E and I
Converse of Some Jedi are Force-users
Some force-users are Jedi
Translate: Nearly all the Ringbearers were corrupted.
Some Ringbearers were corrupted beings
Contrapositive
Reversing and negating both the S term and P term of the original proposition
Superimplication
The relationship between the particular and universal propositions of the same quality. If the particular is true, the universal is unknown. If the particular is false, the universal is false.
Steps for taking contrapositive
Obverse, converse, obverse
Contrapositive of Some Fellowship members are not unkind beings
Some non-unkind beings are non-Fellowship members
Translate: Only citizens can vote
All voters are citizens