Persian Empire and NeoAssyrian Empire
The religion of the Persian Empire that promoted ethical and moral behavior and was monotheistic.
What is Zoroastrianism?
These were the occupational subgroups within the varna system, where jobs became hereditary and intermarriage was forbidden.
What are jatis?
This philosophy, founded by Confucius, emphasized moral governance and merit-based social hierarchy, with a belief that human nature is inherently good.
What is Confucianism?
This form of government, seen in Greek city-states like Sparta, involved rule by a small group of elites or well-born families.
What is oligarchy?
This city, founded by Ptolemy I and known for its lighthouse and massive library, became the cultural and intellectual hub of the Hellenistic world.
What is Alexandria?
In this empire, the “Land of Ashur” referred to the core, while the “Land under the Yoke of Ashur” referred to the periphery.
What is the NeoAssyrian empire?
These were the two major types of political systems in Vedic India's states: one ruled by a king and the other by a group of elites.
What are hereditary monarchy and oligarchy?
This philosophical period during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty is known as the "Golden Age of Chinese philosophy" and saw the emergence of Confucianism and Daoism.
What is 100 Schools of Thought?
This major Greek conflict between Athens and Sparta lasted from 431 to 404 BCE and resulted in the end of the Greek Golden Age.
What is the Peloponnesian war?
This form of Greek, known as "common Greek," was the common language of the Hellenistic world and used by elites for centuries.
What is Koine Greek?
The term for the heartland of an empire, where the densest connections and networks are typically found.
What is the core?
This group of hymns, prayers, and rituals, originally passed down orally in Vedic India, later became the foundational texts of Hinduism.
What are the Vedas?
This concept in Daoism refers to achieving harmony with the world through non-interference and "actionless action."
What is wuwei?
After the defeat of Athens in the Peloponnesian War, Sparta installed this oppressive oligarchic regime, who killed 5% of the population and seized property.
What are the 30 Tyrants?
Known for organizing and cataloging half a million scrolls, this was the largest concentration of knowledge in the Hellenistic world.
What is the Library of Alexandria?
In the Persian Empire, these local governors were responsible for administering the empire’s 20 provinces.
What are satraps?
The process of combining Indo-European traditions with local beliefs, creating a new culture and religious synthesis, is known by this term.
What is syncretism?
This was the military innovation used by the Zhou Dynasty, which helped them gain power and defeat the Shang.
What are war chariots?
A student of Socrates, this philosopher believed in the existence of ideal forms and argued that philosopher-kings should rule the state.
Who is Plato?
This Egyptian goddess was reconfigured by the Greeks as a supreme goddess and linked to Demeter and Aphrodite.
What is Isis?
This Neo-Assyrian god was considered the supreme deity, and the king was his divine agent on Earth.
What is Ashur?
These were the five social classes, or varnas, in Vedic India's caste system.
What are Brahmans (Priests), Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras, and untouchables?
Unlike other empires, the Zhou Dynasty was characterized by this system, where regional lords had significant autonomy to govern their territories.
What is a decentralized political system?
This method of philosophical inquiry, named after a famous Athenian philosopher, involves asking probing questions to uncover deeper truths though reason.
After the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE, his empire was divided into these three major regions.
What are Ptolemaic Empire, Macedonia, and Seleucid Empire?