Consciousness
My brother asked me what my favorite color was and I told him it was orange. He further asked me to name a vegetable and I said carrot. What is this concept called?
Priming: when a recently experienced stimulus affects our response.
When you watch a scary movie you always eat ice cream. Eventually being around ice cream makes you scared. What is the unconditioned stimulus?
US: a scary movie
What operant conditioning principle do we use to increase good behavior?
Reinforcement
The textbook defines this as the first step for acquiring memories which involves being attentive to the material presented.
Encoding
This is developed at a young age to help us perceive, organize, and process information. For example, we learn how to behave at recess vs how to behave in language arts class.
schema
This is the term for unconscious processing that occurs when we take in information about stimuli in advertisements around us.
Subliminal perception
Every time you take a shower, someone in the house flushes the toilet causing the water to turn cold and you to become cold. Now every time you hear a toilet flush, you get cold. What is the unconditioned response?
UR: getting cold
Name this phenomenon. When a person reacts and displays a conditioned response to a previously extinct conditioned pairing.
Spontaneous recovery
After getting home from school, Sam sits at the kitchen table and checks his notifications on his phone. His mom walks in and goes on about a list of things that he needs to do over the weekend. She ends with saying, "You heard that right?" Sam repeats the most recent thing his mother said to him. What type of memory was at work in this example?
Auditory sensory memory/echoic memory.
How is IQ measured? What is the formula?
Mental age/chronological age x 100
Stephanie is catching up with her friends at a high school reunion. She is able to listen to what her friends are talking about while tuning out the other people nearby. When someone calls her name she looks for them. What form of attention is this?
Shadowing: having different stimuli in both ears but the person must focus on one.
Oftentimes physicians will give treatments that make people feel uncomfortable (a shot for example). After this happens several times, people will begin feeling uncomfortable at the sight of anyone in a white lab coat. What is the unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus?
US: The shot
CS: Anyone wearing a lab coat
Jannette can't seem to leave the casino and decides to keep gambling. Which schedule of reinforcement is present here?
Variable Ratio
Jenny and her dad are going grocery shopping. Only her dad has the list so on the way there he reads what they will be buying (corn, towels, sausage, ketchup, sugar, and cheese). At the store, Jenny can only seem to remember sugar and cheese. What is this a specific example of?
The regency effect/serial position effect
My mother believes that if I wear ripped jeans then I will act out in school a lot. I found out that a lot of kids with behavioral issues that she interacts with at work tend to have ripped jeans. My mother is using which psychological concept?
Representative heuristic: making a decision based on an answer that is easy to come to.
This is a theory that claims dreams are the product of your brain processing random brain activity.
activation-synthesis theory
Your significant other often yells at you and makes you feel bad. Pretty soon you can't stand to look at that person and end the relationship. You meet another person who looks like your ex. Although they seem nice, you find yourself feeling bad every time you are around them. What is the unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus?
US: toxic significant other
CS: the person that looks like your ex
Bandura's study with the Bobo doll to see how parents and children react to stimuli is an example of what?
Social learning
Leah is studying for her psych stats exam that is in two days. She also has a Calc I exam tomorrow so she decides to study for calc first and then stats when she is at the library that day. What issue could this lead to which would impair her memory retrieval?
Retroactive interference: new information inhibits someone from remembering old information.
Emily is given a new puzzle and must figure out how to solve it. What type of intelligence is this an example of?
Fluid intelligence: processing information, your ability to reason, etc. in new settings
This psychoactive drug that is a vasoconstrictor used in facial surgeries and also increases dopamine levels in the synapse.
Cocaine
I have noticed that when my dad has a bad day at work he tends to come back angry as well and raises his voice a lot. Typically he will enter the house and slams the door which makes my brother and I scared. The next week, my brother pointed out that when my dad pulls in the driveway he will be blasting rock music in his car. This is an example of second-order conditioning. Name the US, UR, CS, CR for the primary level of classical conditioning and the NS and CR for the second-order conditioning.
First-order: US = yelling, UR= scared of dad, CS = door slamming, CR = scared of dad
Second-order: NS = music, CR = scared of dad
Your boss observes that you have been working very hard lately and are getting work done faster. He tells you that next week you do not need to come in on Monday. What is this an example of?
Variable interval
Also negative reinforcement
Maddy is on the way to a Troye Sivan concert that he friend offered tickets too. She has not listened to his music in a while so she has trouble knowing and singing all the lyrics. What is this an example of?
Blocking: when information is on the tip one someone's tongue.
Lisa was answering a multiple choice question on her test but did not know the answer. She reads the first answer (A) and believes that is right but reads the other answers just in case. She decided to go with A because it was the first thing she saw.
Anchoring